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Table 1. Summary of Major GFR Design Features for a Variety of Different Concepts. Program Org Author Direct/Indirect Primary/2nd‐PwrConv Power MWth Core Coolant Type Core Pressure Fuel Type Clad Type Mixed Mean Outlet Temp Pressure Vessel Type Pin Diameter Pellet OD Pellet ID Core Diameter Core Height Power Density Linear Heat Rating (w/cm) Depressurizatoin Reactivity (pcm) Reactivity Burnup Loss (pcm) Burnup Fuel Re‐Cycle Length efd Cladding Limit Decay Heat Removal Method Guard Containment British Energy BNFL Newton & Smith Indirect CO2 /Steam 3600 MWth CO2 4.2 Mpa UO2/MOX Austenitic SS 525 C Steel Lined Pre‐Stressed Concrete 8.2 mm 7.14 mm 2 mm Japan TIT Y. Kato Direct CO2 600 MWth CO2 12.5 Mpa Metal na (SS?) 527 C Steel PV 5.35 m INL Weaver Direct & Indirect CO2 & He/CO2 600 MWth CO2 7 Mpa UPuC/SiC SiC 550‐650 C Steel PV 7 m (Vessel) 5 at% 3x829 60 dpa Active and "Semi‐ passive" MIT Pope Lee 7 Hejzlar Direct CO2 2400 MWth CO2 20 Mpa UO2BeO ODS MA956 650 C Steel PV Inverted Fuel "NUT" not available 20.7 kw/kg HM 85 kW/l core 151 kW/l fuel Separate Nat Circ Decay Heat Removal Loop Yes 10 bar GEN‐IV CEA Dumas Direct He 600‐2400 MWth UC SiC SiC 850 C Steel PV Plate Hexagonal 4.44 m 1.55 m 100 kW/l‐core +212 to250 ‐.07 Breeding Gain 3 x 831 Low Pwr Force Convection Nat Circ Long term Yes (10 bar) SC‐GFR (SNL) Wright & Parma Direct CO2 200‐400 MWth CO2 13 Mpa UO2/MOX Austenitic SS 650 C Steel PV 7 mm 2m 2m 100 W/cc small + <1$ 35 GWd/tonne He Embrittlement Natural Circ thru Brayton Cycle Unknown Blow Down Tanks AGR Shropeshire Indirect CO2/Steam 1500 MWth CO2 4.2 Mpa UO2 (Annular) Austenitic SS 650 C Pre‐Stressed Concrete 15.76 mm 15 mm 5‐6 mm 2 kW/liter‐core 20 W/cm2 35 GWd/tonne 50,000(7yr) EFPH Aux Motors on Redundant Main Circulators No not available 1.5 m +160 to300 +1500 to 6400 20% h.a. 6 x 344 180 dpa Aux Motors on Redundant Main Circulators 230 For comparison purposes, the SC-GFR conceptual parameters are also listed in Table 1 along with the parameters for the AGR concept. The SC-GFR design is an SMR concept (200-400 MWth), using AGR oxide fuel technology and natural circulation for decay heat removal. Design features to deal with LOCAs have yet to be incorporated into the SC-GFR concept, but SNL’s work explores the use of natural circulation, blow-down tanks, and guard vessels as potential safety features. The SC-GFR concept operates at power densities near 80-100 W/cc for the core, similar to the other concepts, but uses pin-type fuel with steel cladding. In general, the SC-GFR concept is most like the Japanese TIT concept, except that oxide fuel has been selected because the high core pressure may compress the cladding onto the fuel. At this operating pressure, it is doubtful that metal fuels could withstand the compressive stresses on the fuel without extruding the fuel into the fission gas plenum. The major difference between the SC- GFR concept and the others is that this effort proposes to use natural circulation as a passive safety mechanism to remove decay heat. This mechanism is described in a subsequent section of this report. Natural circulation for decay heat removal was proposed in the MIT concept for long-term cooling, while they relied on separate low-power pumps to provide forced cooling for short-term cooling. 13PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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