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Disadvantages of the S-CO2 cycle include the following: CO2 is corrosive at temperatures exceeding 500°C and requires components to be fabricated from high-cost metal alloys, such as stainless steel, or requires the use of passivating layers on components exposed to the high-temperature CO2; S-CO2 cycle requires high pressures to attain high efficiencies, ~20 MPa (~3000 psia). Figure 1 shows the cycle thermal efficiency as a function of the heat source temperature for different cycles at typical conditions including water-Rankine (pink), helium Brayton recuperated with one turbine and one compressor (yellow), helium Brayton recuperated with three turbines and six compressors and interstage heating and cooling (light blue), and a S-CO2 recuperated with split flow (dark blue). The S-CO2 cycle has higher thermodynamic efficiency than for the water-Rankine cycle at temperatures greater than ~450°C. The S-CO2 cycle efficiency is significantly greater that the nominal helium Brayton recuperated cycle with one turbine and one compressor over the complete temperature range. Only when the helium Brayton recuperated cycle has several interstage heating and cooling stages does it show greater efficiency than for the S-CO2 cycle, and then only for temperatures greater than ~700°C. Hence the S-CO2 cycle is clearly the cycle of choice for source temperatures greater than 450°C and lower than 700°C, if one considers efficiency improvement as the only factor in cycle selection. 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% S-CO2 efficiency at 650C ~47% 1t/1c rec He Brayton SCSF CO2 Brayton 3t/6c IH&C He Brayton Rankine cycles today's efficiency levels 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Source Temperature (C) Figure 1. Cycle Thermal Efficiency as a Function of Heat Source Temperature. 16 Cycle Efficiency (%)PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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