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SNL has two operating experimental S-CO2 loops as part of the ongoing work to determine the feasibility of S-CO2 power conversion systems. In addition, SNL has developed a number of computer codes to parametrically analyze thermodynamic cycles. The Excel spreadsheet code Flow Analysis Refprop was used to examine a typical S-CO2 cycle with a split-flow configuration. The spreadsheet code uses the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Database 23 – REFPROP (NIST, 2007) for the S-CO2 thermodynamic properties. The cycle is analyzed using input parameters including the desired output power level, heat rejection temperature, lower pressure value, compressor and turbine efficiencies, pressure ratio, fractional pressure drop in each component, heat exchanger effectiveness, and reactor exit coolant temperature. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the S-CO2 cycle with a split-flow configuration and an annotated T-S diagram of the cycle. A split-flow configuration, referred to as flow recompression in some references, is the baseline configuration for this work. The split-flow configuration, proposed by Angelino (1968, 1969), allows for an increase in efficiency of several percentage points as compared to a simple recuperated cycle. The reason for this is that the heat capacities for CO2 are significantly different as a function of temperature and pressure. By splitting the flow and allowing ~40% of the flow to bypass the heat-rejection heat exchanger, a more efficient cycle can be attained. The drawback to a split-flow configuration is the addition of a compressor and separate recuperator, adding more complexity and capital cost to the system. 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 High Temp Recuperator Low Temp 5a Recuperator 6 Reject 200 MW Heat Source Net Output Turbine = 100 MW =50% 4 Turbine 131.1 MW 920 kg/s 5 HX 4 Tur r rb b b i i i n n n Input 3 e e e Altern 40% 60% 2a 2 ator Re-Compressor Compressors 2a CR=2.7 HX 200 MW Reactor Heat 1 Input Main Compressor 5 3 382 MW Recuperator High Temp 2 10.1 MW 60% flow 1 27°C 100 MW 60°C 21.0 MW 6 40% flow Split Flow Heat Rejection 83 MW 5a Low Temp Recuperator 1 1.5 2 Constant Pressure Curves 2.5 3 Entropy (kJ/kg K) Figure 2. Flow Schematic and T-S Diagram for the Split-Flow S-CO2 Cycle. 17 Temperature (C) 7.0 MPa 20.0 MPa 7 MPa (~1000 PSI) 20 MPa (~3000 PSI)PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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