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The results show that keff decreases somewhat (by ~0.02 or ~$2.50) over the operating history, indicating that there is insufficient conversion of the fertile U-238 to Pu-239 to maintain a critical condition. Lowering the enrichment slightly and increasing the core size to increase keff may allow for a more constant keff versus power history. Figure 19 shows the burnup results for a 200 MWth, 12.0% enriched core, a decrease in the enrichment by 0.5%. The core size was increased to a core radius of 0.85 m, active fuel height of 1.6 m, and a Ni reflector of 15 cm in thickness, to allow for an initial keff value greater than one. The results now show that keff increases slightly (by ~0.008 or ~$1.00) over the operating history and appears to plateau near the end of life. Figure 20 shows the fuel constituent inventory over the same operating history. Over the 20-year history, at a power density of 10 MW/MT (200 MWth), the U-235 density decreases from about 1 g/cc to 0.5 g/cc. The U-238 is consumed as it is converted to Pu-239. At the end of 20 years, the Pu-239 is ~0.5 g/cc. For this reactor type, the optimum conversion is about 0.8 atoms of Pu-239 per atom of U-235 consumed at the beginning of life. A one-to-one conversion is not required since Pu-239 has a high value of η (neutrons emitted per absorption) compared to U-235. Since the power density for this core is about 10 MW/MTU and the k-infinity calculations were performed at 50 MWD/MTU, a higher power density (20 MW/MTU or 400 MWth) was also analyzed to determine if it was a feasible scenario. Figure 21 shows the results of this analysis using the same conditions as for Figure 19 but at a power level of 400 MWth. The results show that keff increases over the first 10 years of operation, to a value of about 1.01, and then decreases over the next 10 years to a value close to the starting value. This indicates that a 400 MWth – 20-year cycle could be feasible from a reactivity point of view. 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time (years) 200 MW - 1.7m Dia x 1.6m H 12.0% enriched UO2 15cm Ni reflector 0.75 cm dia. fuel pin 0.2 coolant fraction Figure 19. keff as a Function of Operating History at 200 MW and 12.0% Enrichment. 36 KeffPDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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