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Recuperators Rejection Heat Exchanger Gas Chiller H cold leg Split Flow Reactor t Turbine/Compressor/Generator I In nv ve en nt t o o r ry yC C o o n n t r ro ol l H hot leg Not to Scale Figure 23. Natural Circulation Flow With Hot and Cold Legs. The SNL lumped-parameter natural circulation model can include recuperators in the analysis. The recuperator could potentially disrupt the driving force for natural circulation because it transfers a significant amount of heat from one leg to the other, and the temperature differentials for natural circulation flow are small. A schematic of the model is illustrated in Figure 24. The recuperator is located at an elevation above the reactor but below the ultimate waste heat rejection system. In the model presented, the recuperator is 10 m above the reactor, and the heat- rejection heat exchanger or gas chiller is 20 m above the recuperator. The ducting is sized for full-power operation, with a mass flow rate of 1460 kg/s, and is about 0.6 m in diameter. The heat source was nominally set at 2.8 MWth, which is 1.4 % of the full thermal power in a 200 MWth reactor. For this analysis, the pressure was 7.58 MPa and the cold leg temperature was 315K (42°C). The natural circulation flow rate for this problem is about 122 kg/s or about 8.3% of the full power flow. The recuperator does a good job of keeping the hot side of the loop hot while the cold side remains cool, but there is still sufficient density difference to drive natural circulation. In this example, the peak exit temperature from the reactor is 559K while the cold leg fluid temperature exiting the gas chiller is 315K. This model clearly shows that the natural circulation is quite effective, even when there is a large gas-to-gas recuperator between the reactor and the gas chiller. Additional results show that effective flow can be maintained for different heat rejection temperatures and different elevations. Other configurations can allow for much lower elevations if the recuperator is bypassed on one leg. However, to have this design feature, active valves would be required to initiate the bypass when the turbomachinery was not operating or the compressor pressure dropped below a prescribed level. 44PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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