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8. Future Research This report has presented the SC-GFR concept and scoping analyses to determine the feasibility of such a design. The results show that the concept has some promising aspects, especially when applied to a small system on the order of 200 to 400 MWth. Of course, a significant amount of research and analysis remains to determine if such a concept could be built and operated as anticipated. The next step in developing the concept is to progress further into the design and safety aspects of the system. The following paragraphs list topical areas that need to be further considered in determining if this transformational concept warrants a more detailed effort. Reactor Configuration, Design, and Analyses The reactor core design, pressure vessel design, and control rod design and configuration require ongoing study. The core layout, grid structure, and integration of the control rods and reflector need further development. Continued burnup calculations are required to more accurately determine the three-dimensional inventory in the core. Further MCNP calculations are required to analyze the reactivity void worth and determine the power coefficient from start-up to full power operations and shutdown. Core life reactivity control using the control rods or other mechanism requires further design and analyses. The pressure vessel and upper and lower bulkheads require additional analyses to determine the diameter, thickness, material type, neutron damage, inlet and outlet configuration, downcomer, and control rod integration to the vessel. Corrosion in the core, vessel, and piping requires ongoing study and research for CO2 at these operating temperatures. Fuel and Cladding Design The fuel and cladding design requires further study to determine the most appropriate configuration for a medium-temperature, high-pressure configuration. Cladding lifetime due to neutron damage requires continued development to determine the most appropriate material, thickness, and burnup limitations. The fission gas plenum design and size require further analysis. The fuel type requires ongoing research to determine what is the most appropriate for the reactor and fuel cycle. The pin size, pitch, and integration into the core require more definition. Clad surface roughening or other heat transfer enhancements need further research and analyses. Corrosion issues for the cladding also require ongoing study and research for CO2 at these operating temperatures. Plant Layout and Integration A SolidWorks plant layout needs ongoing development to help visualize the size and other features of the plant. Component sizing and integration require further design innovation. Further study is required to incorporate the advancing PCHE technology into an S-CO2 power conversion system using a cost effective and feasible approach. Determining interfaces to auxiliary systems and determining core refueling options and pressure vessel replacement, require continued development. Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis and Optimization As the S-CO2 loop experiments progress, and more sophisticated and complex hardware is developed and integrated, further thermodynamic and cycle analysis and optimization are required. Both simple and complex S-CO2 cycle analyses need to be performed to ultimately determine the trade off of complexity to efficiency and viability in plant design. It may 49PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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