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“Asurveyofbiomassga~ification”’S~e.veraladvantagesanddisadvantagesexistwiththetype of gasifier and its operation, such as allowable moisture content of the feed, fuel gas purity, fuel gas heating value, size of gasifier, and level of impurities. Cleco Power, in conjunction with UL Lafayette, has chosen a bubbling fluidized bed (“BFB”) gasification system owing to its advantages: (i) high throughput per unit cross section, (ii) relatively lower tar and particulate contaminants, (iii) high heat transfer rates, (iv) ability to tolerate broad range of biomass types and particulate sizes, and (v) ability to tolerate high moisture feedstock. The BFB gasification system was designed to accommodate the following requirements as well: 1. Suitability for waste waod feedstock; 2. 3 tons-per-day (250 lb&) feed rate; 3. Compact configurationcompatiblewith future semi-portability; 4. Operate using both air or oxygen as oxidizing medium; and 5. Product gas usable for either power generation or future gas-to-liquid (GTL) synthesis. Mass and Energy Balance Basisfor Design In order to size the reactor and associatedprocess equipment for the specifiedfeedstock rate as well as identify a range of process conditionsthat would most likely result in a product composition compatiblewith liquids synthesis, it was necessary to conduct a mass and energy balance on the system. Since the design of a reactor based on reaction kinetics and the fundamental fluid-mechanical behavior of the individual configuration is notoriously time- intensive(aswell as, in the absence of empirical pilot data, of questionablepractical value), a thermochemical equilibrium model was developed that allows the user to choose the oxidant (air or enriched oxygen) and provides a rational, albeit approximate, estimate of product composition, oxidant requirements, and associated considerations. Description of Primary Operational Modes Four primary operational modes were analyzed in connection with design of the pilot unit. Theseare,inorderofstartupsequence: 1. Bed and reactor startupto self-sustainingtemperature via an external gas-fired burner; 2. Excess air combustion on solid fuel (required to transition to gasification); l 4 Thomas B. Reed, S.G., A survey of biomass gasification.2001, The National Renewable Laboratory and The Biomass Energy Foundation, h e . : Golden, CO. PD.8360793.2 8PDF Image | THE APPLICATION OF KENTUCKY POWER
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