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Although geothermal sitesarecapable of providing heat for many decades, eventually specificlocationscooldown. Someinterpretthisasmeaningaspecificgeothermallocationcan undergo depletion, and question whether geothermal energy is truly a renewable resource. In areas where geothermal temperatures are insufficient to generate steam to produce electricity,abinarygeothermalpowerplantcanbeutilized. Thebinaryplantutilizesahigh vaporpressureliquidinsteadofwatertoturntheturbine. Theheatisremovedfromthe geothermalliquidbyaheatexchanger,whichheatsthehighvaporpressureliquid. Thehigh vapor pressure liquid turns to vapor and turns the turbine. The vapor is then cooled, which returns it to a liquid and the process begins again. The advantage of the system is that the geothermal fluid does not have to be as hot; it is a closed loop system and considered environmentally friendly. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers has initiated studies to determine if an effective geothermal energy program can be developed utilizing a binary geothermal power plant from existing Gulf Coast hydrocarbon production facilities. The premise of the study concentrated on utilizing the wastewater from wells that have hydrocarbon production depths of between 9,000 feet to 19,800 feet. The wastewater from these wells ranges from 250 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit, which is expected to be hot enough to produce energy using the closed loop binary energy system. The critical factor for successfbl geothermal electrical power generation is suffrcient high insitupermeabilitytoprovidefluidflowratesequaltoorgreaterthan1,000gpm. Thisis attained primarily by utilizing a system that has a central collection facility for hydrocarbon separation and water disposal. Piggybacking on existing infkastructure eliminates the need for expensive drilling and hydrological fiacturing operations that plague engineered geothermal systems. Currently, there are hundreds of existing oil and natural gas wells in Louisiana producingoil,naturalgas,andhotbrine. Inatypicaloilandnaturalgasproductionprocess,the oilandnaturalgasareseparatedfromthehotbrine. Thebrineisthenpipedtoadisposalwell, where it is injected back into the ground with no capture of the waste thermal energy present in thebrine. Inageothermalenergyproductionmode,thebrinewouldbepipedtoaheat exchanger, where the transfer of the thermal energy causes a liquid media also present in the heat exchangertobecomeahigh-pressurevapor. Thebrinewouldbere-injectedintothegroundand the vapor then turns a screw expander and generator to produce electricity. The vapors then go toaneconomizerwheresomeoftheheatisusedtopreheattheliquidmedia. Merthevapor Jeaves the economizer it travels to the fin fan air cooler where the remaining heat is released to the atmosphere, and the vapor returns into a liquid before the process begins again. The following charts show that Louisiana has numerous high temperature hydrocarbon wells that are in the thermal range needed to produce energy. It is estimated that there is approximately 73 MW of energy at 210 degrees Fahrenheit and approximately 398 M W of energy at 400 degrees Fahrenheit.l9 “Geothermal Electric Power Supply Possible fiom Gulf Coast, Midcontinent Oil Field Waters”, Oil & Gas Journal, September 5,2005 at p. 39. PD.8360793.2 30PDF Image | THE APPLICATION OF KENTUCKY POWER
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