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burden. Anyconversionofwastematerialsintovalue-added,marketablecommoditiesand/or reduced cost operations can add a significant stability factor to their fkture plans. Digestion is a technology in which microorganisms are used to anaerobically degrade organicwasteconstituentsintomethane,carbondioxide,andpotentially,hydrogen. The producedmethanecanbefedintoagensetforon--siteproductionofelectricalpower. The generated power can be used to offset internal usage and/or be input into the grid. The overall result is the reduction of targeted pollution to an acceptable level while at the same time producing power from a renewable source. An additional side product that is emerging within selected markets is the use of the resulting digestion liquids and solids as amendments to consumer plant growers; albeit emerging, this is still a growing niche market. In the case of digesting seafood waste involving “shelled”catches (crawfish, crabs, and shrimp), the shells will not be digested because of their recalcitrant nature within a digester, but their organic content can be removed leaving behind only the chitin-based residuals. A new commercial entity within Louisiana (AgraTech) has just announced the opening of their new manufacturingfacilityinOpelousas,LA. There,AgraTechwillusewasteseafoodshellsas feedstocksintotheproductionofindustrialcoatings. Thedigestionofshelledseafoodishighly complementarytotheirprocess. ULLafayettehasagreedtoworkwithAgraTechtodetermineif digestion residuals could offer a better feedstock to their enterprise. In fact, AgraTech will be placing their R&D operations within the UL Lafayette’s College of Engineering as a new “embedded”R&D partnership UL Lafayette is establishing with several Louisiana-based companies. The overall digestion process relies on anaerobes to stepwise breakdown the complex proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that tend to make up the bulk of the wastes planned for use in digesters. The resulting key product is a gas, known as biogas. Most biogases produced from industrial digestion systems have a gas composition made up of almost exclusively methane ( C b ) and carbon dioxide ( 0 2 ) . The general composition range of these gas constituents is 60 -80%methane(vh)withthebalancebeingmainlycarbondioxide. Forabiogashaving70% methane, this would result in an energetic value of 700 Btu per thousand cubic feet of gas (natural gas is -1,000 Btu per thousand cubic of gas). The actualprocess of digestion involves the provision of a reactor system, which provides conditions conducive to the support of the anaerobic microorganism consortia used to degrade the waste from a typically complex chemical form into biogas - which is essentially the simplest chemical form capable of being produced by bacteria under anaerobic digestion conditions. The reactors are called “digesters.” The design of digesters can vary dramatically, but in general, they are typically rigid tanks with some form of mixing provided for operation on aperiodicbasis(mostarenotcontinuouslymixed). Thetwokeyoperationalparametersinthe digester are influent residence time and in-reactor solids concentration. System chemistry parameters of primary interest during operation of a digester include pH, oxidationheduction potential(,,OWy),andeffluentchemicaloxygendemand(“COD”). Inmostapplicationsof digesters, materials handling is the main operational challenge if the solids concentration is greater than 20%. 34 PD.8360793.2PDF Image | THE APPLICATION OF KENTUCKY POWER
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