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Figure 38: Properties of torrefied pine produced using pilot scale reactor, in comparison with suggested EPRT stIandards _ _ _ I"-- .~------ - Units Low High-? - -- 3-5 Parameter ~-l_l 5 .- I Bto/lb(daf) I 9000 I -- - HHV Energy Density (HHV) MMBtu/ft3 550 700 I 10. >45 - 11000 Apparent (Bulk) Density 1birt3 12 19 IS HardgroveGrindability Index I- wt. % ..-. - -~ ---_ .- __-_-__.-_ I 2190 6 0.3 Fines (Note 1) -- Ash Initial Melt. Temp. HydrophobicTest (Note 2) "F wt. %wet I o.ir --. -- --".--_ " --- N 1-1-- -" wt. % dry Rased on the experiments conducted to date, a preliminary economic analysis was conducted for the biomass torrefaction process. However, the analysis does not include capital costs, labor, and transportationcosts. The economicanalysiswas conducted based on the experiments perforrned during the initial demonstration phase of the process. Therefore, the process has not been optimized. Table 6 provides the details of the processing costs of torrefied pinechipsonbothaper-Btuandper-tonbasisusingpropaneandnaturalgasasfuel. However, the processing costs of biomass torrefaction can change based on a number of factors such as: 1. Torrefactionprocess optimization: Optimization of the process Will involve, increased feeding rates, decreased reaction times, utilization of energy from volatiles, process heat utilization., etc.; 2. Reactor designed for natural gas: The pilot reactor was designed for natural gas (valves, piping, burners, etc.); however, the experimental work was carried out with propane as fuel. We will switch to natural gas as a source of fuel at the Cleco Alternative Energy Center; and 3. Full-scale system: The overall process efficiency may be higher on a full-scale system compared with the pilot system. 50 PD.8360793.2PDF Image | THE APPLICATION OF KENTUCKY POWER
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