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Sustainability ADBA is supporting the development of specific best practice guidance for growing crops for AD Climate smart farming AD is already playing an important role in the sustainability of farming, as Cath Anthony, rural surveyor for Bidwells explains: “AD is of huge benefit to the uK farming industry, decreasing the environmental impact made by farming practices while increasing a farmer’s economic prospects. As well as providing a diversified income source for the farmer himself, AD also creates local jobs and bolsters local economic activity.” with farming accounting for 38% of the uK’s total methane emissions, the increase in on-farm AD plants can undoubtedly improve the industry’s green credentials, as Cath continues: “slurry, for example, has a high methane content – putting it through an AD plant creates a closed loop process, preventing the methane from being released into the atmosphere, creating an energy source and delivering a nutrient rich digestate which can be spread back to land. essential nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are retained and the crop-available nitrogen levels actually increase, making digestate a more valuable resource than raw slurry. with uK farmers experiencing the wettest summer since 1912, the use of digestate over conventional fertilisers has the added benefit of returning to land organic material, improving soil quality and accelerating moisture absorption.” However, the so-called ‘fuel versus food’ debate has threatened to tie on-farm AD in with sustainability questions for biofuels, with critics questioning the rationale behind farmers growing crops for use in an AD plant, rather than for food. For Cath, the answer is simple: “most arable farms are now too dependent on wheat and oilseed rape – the reality is that we need additional break crops to assist with weed and disease control, increase yields and reduce input costs. Crops prices are incredibly volatile; growing crops for AD within the rotation with a guaranteed level of return reduces the impact of the volatility of wheat prices in farm incomes.” The value of purpose grown crops As the government’s Bioenergy strategy makes clear, renewable energy needs to benefit the environment and make clear gHg savings, making it vital to extract maximum possible value from the available land. Purpose grown crops (PgCs) for AD have proved to be one of the most sustainable forms of bioenergy - a university of southampton study showed that compared to other biofuels, the net energy produced from a maize yield of 12.6 t dry matter/ha was around 89 gj/ha, around 5-9 times more land-use efficient than biodiesel. In addition, digestate returns vital nutrients back to land - in most forms of bioenergy, these are effectively lost. In Norfolk, Future Biogas Ltd have two AD plants producing digestate which has displaced energy intensive artificial fertiliser. “All the nutrients used to grow the biomass digested to produce energy will be recycled on crops for food or for more feedstock for AD,” explains Future Biogas’ oliver Knowland. “DeCC’s sustainability calculator shows that biomass AD plants offer a 70%+ saving on gHg emissions - a hectare of maize produces over six times more energy than next year’s hectare of oilseed rape, for example,” continues oliver. “Add to this the multiple farming benefits including better break crop opportunities in the rotation and reduced herbicide and pesticide use and AD is a real win-win for farming and climate change.” Indeed, by helping to increase yields while reducing reliance on chemical fertilisers, AD also has a vital role to play in increasing food security, one of our biggest global challenges. John Burgess, biogas specialist for KWS, is also certain of the value of PgCs: “while some would argue that replacing cereals grown for food with biogas maize is not aiding the food production balance, in many situations, growers are working on very poor soils that simply cannot sustain a high yield from cereals. As a result, they have rightly switched to AD crops to make the best of the resources they have and with some now examining rotations and using crops that can produce three bulks of biomass over an 18 month period, growers really are maximising the potential from the land they have at their disposal.” Continued>> Purpose grown crops such as beet can form part of a farm’s overall crop rotation By returning critical nutrients to land, digestate from AD aids food security www.adbiogas.co.uk NoVemBer 2012 | AD & BIogAs News 15PDF Image | UK ANAEROBIC DIGESTION and BIOGAS TRADE
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