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Sustainability Best practice To increase the sustainability of an on-farm AD operation it is crucial that the use of PgCs is sensitively managed and appropriate to the location. “It’s also important that whatever combination of crops is selected across the rotation provides secure yields every season and so does not limit the supply of feedstock,” explains John. “while maize requires a high temperature over a long summer period for maximum yield, cereal crops can be produced in every region of the uK with the exception of wetter highland regions. whichever crops are selected, with limited land area it’s essential that growers maximise their output.” Although there are already farming best practice guidelines in place to ensure that PgCs are grown sustainably, DeCC’s Bioenergy strategy appeared to place PgCs for AD under particular scrutiny. ADBA’s Agriculture working group is therefore supporting the development of specific best practice guidance for growing crops for AD, a vital tool to demonstrate good environmental practice for PgCs. Welcome innovations As well as PgCs and slurry, another key component of the on-farm AD feedstock mix is animal bedding, traditionally for cattle a mixture of straw or sawdust with gypsum or lime ash. Yet the use of gypsum as a co-substrate in an AD system has been found to cause a negative impact in the production of biogas, as well as emitting much higher levels of potentially harmful hydrogen sulphide. with lime ash significantly impacting digester pH levels, an alternative bedding product which suits both livestock and AD plant seems particularly welcome. research undertaken by Somatinda, funded by the Bioscience KTN and provided by the Centre for Process Innovation’s Anaerobic Digestion Development Centre, found that ‘envirobed’, a new paper based animal bedding developed by envirosystems, generated more biogas than other bedding materials and provided a healthier environment within the cattle shed. “This trial proves how important it is for dairy farmers to consider the material they use for bedding with regard to AD plant efficiency,” states envirosystems managing Director Liz russell. such innovations demonstrate the importance of research and development for the AD industry and ADBA’s most recent r&D Forum focuses on finalising a ten year r&D strategy for the AD industry, to ensure it realises its full potential. once the reD comes into force, any system, r&D project or technology which reduces energy consumption or increases biogas yields is likely to receive even greater interest. “In today’s climate, AD operators are now seeking to fully maximise the sustainability benefits of their plant, meaning that each part of the process is coming under ever closer scrutiny,” states Andy Parr, Director of System Mix. “For example, it is crucial that suitable conditioning of solids is carried out prior to and during digestion to ensure that the digestate is adequately conditioned and to benefit post- digestion equipment.” reducing downtime and therefore running costs will also play a part in determining a plant’s future success, profitability and sustainability. As well as new installations, system mix has been involved with several retro-fit projects at plants where previous mixing systems were contributing to operational and biological issues, an issue which michael Adkins, Technical marketing manager of HRS Heat Exchangers, has also experienced: “one of our clients complained of recurrent blockages with the conventional heat exchangers it was using,” says michael. “since System Mix’s Vaughan chopper pump allows material to pass freely, conditioning digestate and benefitting post-digestion equipment the installation of Hrs corrugated tube units however, the site has not experienced a single blockage – this lack of downtime has significantly increased operational efficiency and reduced running costs.” Another significant factor affecting the sustainability of a plant can be methane leakage. Not only a health and safety issue, it also reduces operational efficiency and can ultimately reduce the plant’s energy output. Various technology options exist to detect, monitor and reduce unintended methane emissions. Turning up the heat energy is also being lost through waste heat escaping and following successes at biogas plants across europe, ElectraTherm is now turning its attention to the uK market in a bid to turn this waste heat into electricity. “The green machine uses waste heat from generators at biogas plants to increase the site’s efficiency by 4-8%, increasing power generation by up to 65 kwe,” explains electraTherm’s Celeste Dodge. with uK government demanding that renewable energy generators make 60% gHg savings compared to the fossil fuel average to access at least some incentives, increasing the energy generation without increasing digester capacity becomes Continued>> www.adbiogas.co.uk NoVemBer 2012 | AD & BIogAs News 17 Technical advances such as HRS’ corrugated heat exchangers are helping to increase operational efficiencyPDF Image | UK ANAEROBIC DIGESTION and BIOGAS TRADE
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