Water and Energy

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Water and Energy ( water-and-energy )

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FOREWORD by Irina Bokova Director-General of UNESCO The World Water Development Report 2014 shines light on the interdependence between the management of water and energy. Thanks to its clarity and relevance, this important document reminds us that the linkages between freshwater and energy are crucial to human well-being and sustainable socio-economic development. Water is essential throughout the production, transportation and use of energy, which, in turn, affects the water cycle. This interdependence calls for an improved cooperation between all actors, given the importance of freshwater and energy for sustainable development. Ensuring access to freshwater and energy for all, especially the poor and most disadvantaged, is our key challenge. The fundamental right to freshwater is not exercised by some 3.5 billion women and men – who often also lack access to reliable energy, especially electricity. As the 2013 International Year for Water Cooperation showed, there is enough water on earth – we need to manage it better together. This challenge is becoming steeper as demands increase, especially in emerging economies, where agriculture, industry and urban development are evolving quickly. We must find sustainable ways to ensure access to quality freshwater and energy for all. Rising pressure on resources calls for new production and consumption models. We need to better understand the connections between water and energy, because choices made in one area impact – positively or negatively – the other. Every production model in energy has consequences on the quantity and quality of available water. In the past, these resources were managed by competition. In the future, we must choose cooperation, and make choices to craft just compromises for all. Public policies have a key role to play in mobilizing and in directing change, and, for this, they must draw on reliable data and strong scientific research. This Report depicts the complexity of challenges and provides directions to guide decision-makers in tackling them. Clearly, technical solutions will not be enough to address stakes that are, above all, political, economic and educational. Education for sustainable development is essential to help new generations create win–win equations for water and energy. Private sector engagement and government support to research and development are crucial for the development of renewable – and less water intensive – energy sources. Looking to the future, this Report shows the unequal weight of each sector. Energy has always been seen as ‘big business’ compared to water, benefitting from strategic investment, while water remains still too often perceived as a ‘gift of nature’, as a public good and human right. Currently, 90% of energy production relies on intensive and non-reusable water models that are not sustainable. Sustainability calls on us to bridge human rights and dignity with economic and social growth, and this must start with getting right the interdependence between energy and water. WWDR 2014 v

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