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Water and Energy

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Water and Energy ( water-and-energy )

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and broad-reaching impacts on each other – often with a mix of both positive and negative repercussions. For example, drought exacerbates energy crises; energy price volatility contributes to food crises; the expansion of irrigation networks increases water and energy demand; and access to unreasonably inexpensive supplies of energy can lead to the depletion of water resources, further intensifying the impacts of droughts. Although integrated water resources management (IWRM) and the water–energy nexus have led to a growing recognition of such interdependencies, the complex direct and indirect interactions of this relationship are rarely fully appreciated, let alone incorporated into decision-making processes. 1.1 Population using solid fuel for cooking and without access to electricity, improved water and sanitation in a selection of countries Africa Electricity (national) Water (national) Sanitation (national) Cooking fuel (national) Population (2011)a (million) Population without access to electricity (2011)b (%) Population without access to improved water (2011)a (%) Population without access to improved sanitation (2011)a (%) Population using solid fuel for cooking*, c (%) Burkina Faso 17.0 86.9 20.0 82.0 93.0 (2007) Cameroon 20.0 46.3 25.6 52.2 75.0 (2005) DR Congo 67.8 91.0 53.8 69.3 95.0 (2007) Ethiopia Malawi 84.7 76.7 93.0 51.0 16.3 79.3 95.0 (2005) Ghana 25.0 28.0 13.7 86.5 47.1 83.0 (2008) Kenya 41.6 80.8 39.1 70.6 82.0 (2006) 15.4 99.0 (2005) Nigeria 162.5 52.0 38.9 69.4 75.0 (2007) Senegal 12.8 43.5 26.6 48.6 56.0 (2006) South Africa Togo Uganda 50.5 6.2 15.3 73.5 8.5 41.0 26.0 17.0 (2007) 88.6 98.0 (2005) Asia Bangladesh 150.5 40.4 16.8 45.3 91.0 (2007) Cambodia 14.3 66.0 32.9 66.9 92.0 (2005) China 1 347.6 0.2 8.3 34.9 55.0 (2000) India 1 241.5 24.7 8.4 64.9 57.0 (2006) Indonesia 242.3 27.1 15.7 41.3 55.0 (2007) Mongolia Myanmar 2.8 48.3 11.8 51.2 14.7 15.9 47.0 22.7 77.0 (2005) 95.0 (2004) Nepal 30.5 23.7 12.4 64.6 83.0 (2006) Pakistan Sri Lanka 176.7 31.4 8.6 52.6 67.0 (2006) 21.0 14.6 7.4 8.9 78.0 (2006) Thailand 34.5 69.5 85.4 1.0 25.2 4.2 65.0 6.6 96.0 (2006) 34.0 (2005) >> 14 CHAPTER 1 STATUS, TRENDS AND CHALLENGES TABLE

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