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for the production of biofuel crops, where the energy input in production is often substantial compared with the energy output, so the water footprint per unit of net energy output can easily be a multiple of the water footprint per unit of gross energy output (Gerbens- Leenes et al., 2009). Decisions about water and energy allocation, production and distribution between different users and uses have important social and gender equality implications, and impact on the resources available at community levels. Monitoring progress requires the generation and analysis of gender-disaggregated data, which considers not only the existence of differences between men and women, but also the causes and impacts of these differences. The coordinated approaches to water and energy called for throughout this report require the generation and harmonization of data concerning the supply and use of water and energy production. A more detailed set of water accounting statistics describing different water uses within sectors, including energy, would facilitate decision- making and help ensure that water resources are allocated to the most appropriate uses. Although estimating water consumption for different types of energy production can be quite challenging, time consuming and error- prone, this knowledge is fundamental to ensuring energy security where water availability can be a limiting factor. 4.1 Key indicators relating to water and energy Information forms the basis of the United Nations World Water Development Report. Because raw data can be viewed from varying perspectives and interpreted subject to varying perceptions, indicators are indispensable tools for establishing a common ground when examining status, measuring progress and planning targets. While data availability and quality remain a concern for water professionals and decision-makers in associated sectors, the importance of indicators based on best possible data cannot be overestimated. Top-level annual estimates for energy consumption by fuel exist at the national level for most countries, allowing for informed decision-making in terms of energy policy and other stakeholders, and it is hoped they will allow for informed, rational decisions to be made. Data and Indicators Annex of the WWDR 2014 Demographics I-1: Demographic projections I-2: Urban and rural populations by development group (1950–2050) State of freshwater resources I-3: Total actual renewable water resources per capita (2011) I-4: Total actual renewable water resources per capita: Trends and projections I-5: Annual average monthly blue water scarcity in the world’s major river basins (1996–2005) Water demand I-6: Water withdrawal by sector (around 2006) I-7: Water demand at the global level and in country groups (Baseline Scenario 2000 and 2050) Human well-being I-8: Population using solid fuel for cooking and without access to electricity, improved water and sanitation in a selection of countries I-9: Access to improved drinking water (1990–2011) Energy I-10: World total primary energy supply by source I-11: World primary energy demand: Trends and projections I-12: Trends in electricity generation in the world and in selected countries (1971–2012) I-13: Trends in world electricity generation by energy source I-14: Trends in electricity consumption (2000–2011) This fifth edition of the Report presents a Data and Indicators Annex (DIA) of 41 indicators (see the summary listing in this chapter and the Annex [in Volume 2] for the full entries of charts and tables). These indicators have been selected because they benchmark actual conditions and highlight trends related to water and energy, and thus enrich the Report. Taken together, the indicators also serve to present complex information in a meaningful but understandable manner for both decision-makers WWDR 2014 DATA CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 45PDF Image | Water and Energy
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