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PREFACE by Michela Miletto, WWAP Coordinator a.i. and Engin Koncagül, WWDR 2014 Volume 2 Author The fifth edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR 2014) examines the close interdependency between water and energy, both of which are indispensable for the sustainable development of nations and the well-being of societies. Despite their centrality to our lives, these two resources are not treated on an equal footing: while energy is considered as an important commercial industry, with great leverage due to market forces, freshwater is taken as public good, scaling relatively low in comparison to energy in broader policy circles. However, the need for energy in providing water services and the use of water in energy production form a critical nexus that requires a holistic approach by decision-makers. The common denominator in this difficult task is the alleviation of poverty: worldwide, the number of people whose right to water is not satisfied could be as high as 3.5 billion and more than 1.3 billion people still lack access to electricity, the lack of both of which are among the root causes of persistent human suffering. Although little economic value is attributed to water resources, their irreplaceable role in the functioning of all sectors and in helping national economies to prosper is incontestable. In spite of ongoing efforts to improve water use efficiency, however, a business-as-usual approach has pushed the envelope beyond the limits of what is sustainable. And water demand will continue to grow in the foreseeable future, fuelled by population growth and consumption patterns that will simply add to the increasing competition for water resources, which the energy sector forms only one part of. The WWDR 2014 concludes that the challenge for twenty-first century governance is to embrace the multiple aspects, roles and benefits of water, and to place water at the heart of decision-making in all water-dependent sectors. In particular, it calls for more coordinated planning between energy and water policies. The thirteen case studies featured in this volume bolster the critical findings of the report by illustrating that an array of opportunities exists to exploit the benefits of synergies, such as energy recovery from sewerage water, the use of solar energy for wastewater treatment, and electricity production at ‘drinking water power plants’. These examples also showcase alternatives to fossil fuel-based energy production, including hydropower development, geothermal energy, solar power and biogas. Real-life examples clearly demonstrate that human creativity and an enabling environment – created by political guidelines that are adapted to national needs and realities – provide the right responses to these challenges. The World Water Assessment Programme Secretariat is grateful to the country partners who contributed to the preparation of this volume by sharing their valuable experiences. We would like to invite others, too, to join us in forthcoming editions towards achieving global coverage. We are confident that you will find this compilation of case studies interesting and informative. Michela Miletto Engin Koncagül WWDR 2014 III iiiPDF Image | Water and Energy
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