Water and Energy

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Water and Energy ( water-and-energy )

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138 CASE STUDIES advantages, including flood prevention, drought relief and improved inland water navigation. On a far more modest scale, the Four Major Rivers Restoration project in the Republic of Korea is the centrepiece and the most visible part of a larger national green growth strategy that prioritizes ecosystems and environmental sustainability. The Trebišnjica Multipurpose Hydrosystem in Eastern Herzegovina is designed to bring multiple benefits to a water scarce region that lies over a complex karst system. One of the two case studies from Japan also highlights the versatility of dams, by illustrating how hydropower stations bridged the gap in electricity generation following the shutdown of numerous nuclear and thermal power stations in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Wastewater is commonly discharged into rivers, lakes or seas with little (if any) treatment, but the case studies from Austria and Japan highlight innovative ways to harness the potential of waste and turn it into a rich energy source. Gasification in Tokyo, biochar production in Hiroshima, the use of biogas in Kobe and the development of energy self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants in Vienna are good examples of ways that technology can contribute to making our societies more sustainable. The drinking water power plants in and around Vienna demonstrate some of the potential of resource conservation, which in this case provides the dual benefits Regional distribution of the case studies of generating renewable energy while reducing water pressure, which is essential for the longevity of the water supply infrastructure. The case study from Austin, Texas, USA, is a good example of productive collaboration between public water and electricity utilities to identify and exploit synergies and develop integrated programmes and policies. Through research and pilot projects, the city is exploring better and more sustainable uses of both its water and its energy resources. This fruitful cooperation has allowed both utilities to increase their supply capacity in a controlled fashion without the need for major expansion efforts. Clearly, in spite of growing efforts, water is yet to be decoupled from the complex energy equation. Nevertheless the case studies presented in this volume illustrate some of the options currently available to reduce this looming water and energy crisis. The handful of examples provided remind us, moreover, of the stark truth that the full value of water is still unrecognized, and that there is much room for improvement if we are to curb the unsustainable business- as-usual approaches that have brought us to the situation we find ourselves in today. That said, these positive and often ingenious developments also give us reason to remain cautiously optimistic. It is our heartfelt belief that building the momentum in such initiatives will bring incommensurate rewards: environmental sustainability and poverty alleviation at the global level. AFRICA 1. Kenya ARAB STATES 2. Gulf Cooperation Council LATIN AMERICA and the CARIBBEAN 12. Mexico (Nogales, Sonora) Countries included in both Africa and Arab States Regions of UNESCO Countries included in both Europe/North America and Asia/Pacific Regions of UNESCO PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN ASIA and the PACIFIC 3. China 4. India 5. Japan 6. Korea 12 11 7 9 8 10 1 65 PACIFIC OCEAN 2 4 INDIAN OCEAN EUROPE and NORTH AMERICA 7. Austria (Vienna) 8. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Eastern Herzegovina) 9. Italy (Umbria Region) 10. Turkey 11. USA (Austin, Texas) 3

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