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the TMH at elevations between 400 m and 1,000 m above sea level has been pending for years, delayed as a result of the civil war. Hydropower plants due to be built at Nevesinje, Dabar and Bileća in the highlands will, when they come online, boost power capacity by almost 250 MW and augment the benefits that the TMH has already brought to the people of the region. Prevailing political stability and growing cooperation will certainly facilitate the construction of these plants resuming without a long delay. Unconventional structures such as underground dams and water collecting galleries are being considered to make the best use of underground water resources, which so far have not been tapped. One such technically challenging project in the region is the Ombla underground dam near Dubrovnik in Croatia, which is currently under consideration for construction. The Ombla River rises as a karst spring and is fed by groundwater that is partly replenished by the Trebišnjica River. Conclusion Temporarily flooded karst poljes, ephemeral rivers, numerous caves and deep underground flows characterize the terrain of Eastern Herzegovina. In spite of abundant rainfall, karst terrain and the uneven distribution of precipitation makes its inhabitants vulnerable to frequent floods and droughts. The TMH was initiated in the early 1950s to improve the livelihoods of the people in the region by regulating water supply to make it available all year round for multiple uses, most notably electricity generation. The hydropower plants that were built as a part of the TMH are the most important agents of economic development in Eastern Herzegovina. However, the complex karstic system and the state borders that dissect the region make the integrated management of water resources complex. In the face of increasing demand for water and energy, optimizing the use of water resources using a holistic approach calls for a common effort to be made by all stakeholders in the region. In this context, DIKTAS is a noteworthy project that contributes to the process of building a bridge of cooperation between political entities and countries in the Dinaric Karst region. Acknowledgements Petar Milanović, Neno Kukurić References Except where other sources are cited, information in this chapter summary is adapted from: Milanović, P. and Kukurić, N. 2013. Hydropower and Groundwater in Karst. Delft, the Netherlands, International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC). http:// www.un-igrac.org/publications/478 *********** DIKTAS (Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Aquifer System). 2011. Waters of the Trebišnjica River (brochure). DIKTAS. ––––. 2013. Project Website. DIKTAS. http://diktas.iwlearn.org/ (Accessed Sep 2013) 146 CHapTer 19 CASE STUDIESPDF Image | Water and Energy
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