PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 179
22 a science-based tool for integrating geothermal resources into regional energy planning in Umbria, italy In many regions of the world and under a variety of geological settings, high and low temperature geothermal resources can provide concrete answers to the need for sustainable energy. Without science-based assessments however, decision-makers lack an understanding of the geothermal resources of their territories, and so are unable to take them into consideration as part of energy planning. This case study reports on the development of a science-based assessment – or ‘reconnaissance’– of the geothermal potential of the Umbria region in central Italy. It can be used as an example for governments, regional and local administrations, and stakeholders from the private sector who want to integrate geothermal energy into their energy budgets. The science-based methodology that tested successfully in Umbria can help decision- makers and the private sector to (a) respond to increasing demands for energy; (b) improve sustainable economic development through the use of this renewable and environmentally safe energy source; and (c) become more involved in developing green economy approaches and technologies for power production and for other uses. Technologies currently on the market provide commercially viable solutions for the exploitation of a wide range of geothermal waters. They cater for resources across the spectrum from low and very low enthalpy geothermal resources – which are practically ubiquitous in the earth’s subsurface and can be used with geothermal heat pumps to both heat and cool – to the highly competitive and environmentally safe use of the more localized medium and high enthalpy geothermal resources for agro- industrial purposes and for power production. For example, modern, binary cycle geothermal power plants, with nearly zero emissions (Box 22.1), are able to produce electricity and heat starting from fluids at temperatures as low as about 100°C, while the conventional ‘flash’ geothermal power plants need fluids with temperatures of 180–200°C or above. The assessment of the science-based methodology in Umbria followed an integrated research approach that included geological, geochemical, geophysical, three- dimensional geological and thermo-fluid-dynamic modelling. It was largely based on existing accessible data collected since the early 1960s. It resulted in a preliminary, reconnaissance-level conceptual model of the geothermal systems located in Umbria, which will facilitate the development of projects by a wide range of potential users. The Umbria Regional Administration is using the results of this assessment to integrate geothermal energy potential into the regional sustainable energy plan, to promote its implementation by providing information and incentives, and to act as guarantor for environmental protection in the use of geothermal energy. From the outset, the assessment was conducted with the systematic involvement of stakeholders, including local communities as well as local administrators and representatives of the private sector. A public workshop was held in March 2012 to present the objectives and the methodologies. The goal was to get feedback from local communities and stakeholders on the issues of demand and the need for thermal energy, and to listen to suggestions and proposals. Under Italian law, geothermal resources and hydrocarbons are owned by the state and can be exploited only according to specific regulations and subject to specific 22.1 Potential for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions Numerical modelling simulations carried out in the five most promising areas in Umbria show that there is rich geothermal potential for electricity production as well as for providing direct heating in local districts, in agriculture (where it can be used in greenhouses, for example) and in industry. This important geothermal energy potential would deliver equally important benefits from an environmental perspective. Producing electricity with binary cycle power plants would provide annual savings equivalent to a reduction of 700,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions. And using geothermal heat to its full potential to provide direct heating for the domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors would provide savings equivalent to a reduction of more than four million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year. So by exploiting its geothermal resources, the Umbria Region of Italy could achieve a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions as well as gaining substantial economic benefits. 154 CHapTer 22 CASE STUDIES bOX CHAPTERPDF Image | Water and Energy
PDF Search Title:
Water and EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
225741e.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)