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safeguards. To address this, the assessment also set out strategies for the sustainable management of the resource, including the fluid reinjection programmes. Italian law also takes into account the visual impact on the landscape and natural hazards that might be triggered by exploiting geothermal resources. To this end, they prescribe mandatory environmental and seismic life-cycle monitoring. So before any authorization is given to exploit these resources, an environmental impact evaluation is carried out. Both local authorities and representatives from local communities must be involved in this environmental impact assessment, and this was indeed the case in Umbria. The assessment had already catalysed some developments on the ground. In fact, activities had been initiated for the use of geothermal fluids for power production at temperatures over 100°C. This substantially increased the percentage of power being produced from renewable sources in the Umbria region – including the direct use of the produced heat in a ‘cascade’ of decreasing temperature requirements. Conclusion The geothermal energy potential assessment realized in Umbria aims to integrate geothermal energy into the local energy budget and serve as a tool to support informed decision-making on the cost-effective use and management of the natural heat stored in aquifers. It shows how it can be harnessed for different uses, from the direct use of low temperature resources for domestic and agro-industrial purposes, to the transformation into electricity of middle to high temperature resources. The science-based methodology applied and successfully tested in Umbria will facilitate responses to society’s increasing energy needs in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. Acknowledgements The Regional Administration of Umbria, University of Perugia, University of Pisa References Information in this chapter is adapted from: Regional Administration of Umbria, University of Perugia and University of Pisa. 2013. Reconnaissance of the Geothermal Resources of Umbria: A Science-based Tool for the Integration of Geothermal Resources into Regional Energy Planning. (Unpublished) WWDR 2014 A SCIEnCE-bASED Tool foR InTEGRATInG GEoThERMAl RESoURCES 155 InTo REGIonAl EnERGy PlAnnInG In UMbRIA, ITAlyPDF Image | Water and Energy
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