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26 The four Major rivers restoration project as a part of the national green growth strategy in republic of Korea Since the 1960s, the Republic of Korea has enjoyed rapid development. Throughout this period, water use has increased sixfold and the intensive industrialization efforts have made Korea the world’s fourth largest energy importer (IEA, 2012). In view of the swiftly growing demands for both resources, the government has taken concrete steps to develop policies to adopt an integrated approach to managing water and energy. Among those policies is the Green New Deal, introduced in 2009 with a US$38 billion investment portfolio over four years. In broad terms, it focuses on four main themes: environmental protection, energy conservation, information technology infrastructure for the future and green neighbourhoods and housing (UNESCAP, 2012). This case study on the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (4MRRP) features one of the projects conducted under the first theme, and puts the emphasis particularly on the small hydropower plants that were put into operation in 16 weirs. The country’s green growth strategy, which started in 2008, sets out a new vision to reduce energy dependency by diversifying energy sources. As a part of this approach, the First National Energy Master Plan (2008–2030) introduced an Act encouraging the promotion of new and renewable sources of energy. The aim was to increase the proportion of energy derived from renewable resources fivefold – from 2.2% in 2006 to 11% by 2030 (Table 26.1). Among the renewable energy sources that are being considered are hydropower, solar power, geothermal power and energy from organic sources. Similar to energy, water resources development has always been a national priority. This necessity stems from the challenge that seasonal distribution of rainfall shows a large discrepancy (more than 70% of annual average precipitation falls in four months during the flood season between June and September) thus limiting the availability of this precious resource throughout the year (MLTM, 2011). Consequently, from the mid-1960s up to the 1980s, government policies centred on developing large infrastructure, including construction of numerous multipurpose dams to supply water and generate hydroelectricity. Now, facing the challenges caused by climate change and in a bid to reduce the country’s dependence on imported energy, additional dams and hydraulic structures are being built while existing ones are being revisited to improve their efficiency and to bring further functionality. 26.1 Primary energy demand and supply targets for 2030 by source Demand Oil (%) Coal (%) liquefied natural gas (%) Nuclear (%) Other (%) 2006 43.6 24.3 13.7 15.9 2.5 2030BAU 34.2 24.7 15.8 19.5 5.9 2030target 33.0 15.7 12.0 27.8 11.5 Supply New and renewables excluding hydropower (%) 2006 2.2 2030target 11 Note: BAU, business as usual. ‘Other’ consists of hydropower and new and renewable sources. Source: Third National Energy Committee (2008). WWDR 2014 ThE foUR MAjoR RIVERS RESToRATIon PRojECT AS A PART of 163 ThE nATIonAl GREEn GRoWTh STRATEGy, REPUblIC of KoREA TAblE CHAPTERPDF Image | Water and Energy
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