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The 4MRRP (Box 26.1) is a recent example of such efforts. As part of this multipurpose green growth project, 16 weirs each with a small hydropower plant were built on the Han, Nakdong, Geum and Yeongsan rivers. The total installed capacity of 50 MWh provided by the 16 hydropower plants’ 41 generators is equivalent to one- quarter that of the largest hydropower plant in Korea. Annual electricity generation is sufficient to meet the energy requirements of more than 58,000 households. The capacity replaces use of over 60,000 tonnes (450,000 barrels) of oil per year – or an emission reduction of some 180,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Aside from its environmental and economic benefits, the project also allows for the development of domestic green technologies. In January 2013, the small hydropower plants on the four rivers were registered as Clean Development Mechanism projects with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Conclusion Water-related disasters have become more frequent and severe in Korea as a result of global climate change. These disasters have caused fluctuations in freshwater availability and have also brought about financial losses for the country. The other side of the coin is that as the fourth largest energy importer in the world, Korea itself is contributing to climate change through greenhouse gas 26.1 The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (4MRRP), which is the showcase element of Korea’s Green New Deal plan, involved both improving existing waterworks and building complementary ones (see highlights below). The project was completed for the most part in December 2012. One of its main functions, flood protection, had been put to the test when Typhoon Meari caused extensive damage to the west of the country in June 2011. In spite of the heavy downpour – which brought over 200 mm of rain (about 16% of the annual average) to much of the country over six days – there was no significant flood damage. The project also created jobs. According to the Ministry of Labour, 90,000 new positions were put in place thanks to the 4MRRP. Its economic benefits are expected to grow as investment into research and development for the project as well as into its operation and management continues. Highlights of the 4MRRP project period: October 2009–December 2012 project area: Han, Nakdong, Geum and Yeongsan rivers (see the map to the right) Core tasks: • Securing freshwater availability • Flood protection • Water quality improvement and restoration of river ecosystems • Development of recreational areas and multi-purpose spaces • Community development centred on rivers Major works: • 450 million m3 sediment removed by dredging • 16 weirs constructed • 784 km of river banks reinforced • Two new dams built • Two flood retention reservoirs constructed budget: US$19 billion Yellow Sea Seoul Han River Sejong Gongju Baekje Damyang Gwangju Seungchon Hwasun Ipo Yeoju Gumi Chilgok Nakdong River Daegu *Bohyeonsan 50 km East Sea *Andong-Imha connection Gangcheon Daejeon *Yeongju Sangju Nakdan Gangjeong Goryeong Changnyeong Haman Dalseong Hapcheon Changnyeong Juksan East Sea Busan Flood retention reservoir Weir Dam * Under construction River Tributary Town All the dams and weirs shown on this map generate hydropower 164 CHapTer 26 CASE STUDIES bOX G e u R i v e r m i Seo v mj i R n n Riv ar e r s g n o ee YPDF Image | Water and Energy
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