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and balneological facilities. While tapping the remaining potential and reaching targets set for 2018 will require an investment of US$5 billion, the constant rise of oil and gas prices is likely to make the investment feasible. In the Turkish context, geothermal energy has proved to be cleaner and much cheaper than fossil fuels. Nevertheless, a number of challenges need to be dealt with to ensure the development and widespread use of this renewable energy source. These include investigating geothermal resources thoroughly, making incentives in district heating more attractive to the private sector and promoting the transfer of expertise. Acknowledgements Nilgün Başarır References Except where other sources are cited, information in this chapter is adapted from: Başarır, N. 2013. Existing Geothermal Situation and Projections in Turkey: Case Study. Ankara, Turkish Geothermal Association. (Unpublished) *********** Erdoğdu, E. 2009. A snapshot of geothermal energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(9): 2535–2543. GEA (Geothermal Energy Association). 2012. Geothermal: International Market Overview Report. Washington DC, GEA. http://geo-energy.org/pdf/reports/2012-GEA_International_ Overview.pdf Hürriyet. 2013. Her dört dolarlık ithalatın 1 doları enerjiye. Hürriyet, 5 March. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ ekonomi/22741785.asp (In Turkish) Lally, M. 2011. US Companies See Growth Potential in Turkey. RenewableEnergyWorld.com. http:// www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ article/2011/08/u-s-companies-see-growth-potential-in-turkey Mertoğlu, O. and Başarır, N. 2013. Significant Progress of Geothermal Development Activities in Turkey: A Success Story. Paper presented at the European Geothermal Congress, Pisa, Italy, 3–7 June 2013. MFA (Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs). 2013. Economic Outlook of Turkey. Ankara, MFA. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/ prospects-and-recent-developments-in-the-turkish-economy. en.mfa Serpen, U., Aksoy, N. and Öngür, T. 2010. 2010 Present Status of Geothermal Energy in Turkey. Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, CA, 1–3 February 2010. http://es.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/ IGAstandard/SGW/2010/serpen.pdf TMD (Turkish Ministry of Development). 2013. 10. Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018) Madencilik Politikaları Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Enerji Hammaddeleri Grubu Jeotermal Çalışma Alt Grubu Raporu. Ankara, Turkish Ministry Of Development, Geothermal Studies Sub Committee, Mining Policies Special Commission for the 10th National Development Plan. http:// www.onuncuplan.gov.tr/oik11/K%20alma%20Belgeleri/ Jeotermal%20Raporu%2030.11.pdf (In Turkish) US DOE (United States Department of Energy). 2013. Direct Use of Geothermal Energy. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Washington DC, Geothermal Technologies Office, US DOE. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/directuse.html US EIA (United States Energy Information Administration). 2013. Levelized Cost of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2013. Independent Statistics and Analysis. Washington DC, US EIA. http://www.eia.gov/ forecasts/aeo/er/electricity_generation.cfm WWDR 2014 ThE USE of AnD PRoSPECTS foR GEoThERMAl EnERGy In TURKEy 173PDF Image | Water and Energy
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