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Note: 1 GJ/h = 277.8 kW. Source: Hoogeveen et al. (2009, table II, p. S153, adapted from source cited therein). Hoogeveen, J., Faurès, J-M. and van de Giessen, N. 2009. Increased biofuel production in the coming decade: To what extent will it affect global freshwater resources? Irrigation and Drainage, doi:10.1002/ird.479 Source: Shrank and Farahmand (2011, fig. 1, from source cited therein). Shrank, S. and Farahmand, F. 2011. Biofuels regain momentum. Vital Signs Online, 29 August. Washington DC, WorldWatch Institute. http://vitalsigns.worldwatch.org/vs-trend/biofuels-regain-momentum 35 global trends in ethanol and biodiesel production (1975–2010) 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 Biodiesel Ethanol 36 Indicative yields and water requirements for some major biofuel crops Crop Fuel product Annual obtainable yield (l/ha) Energy yield (gJ/ha) Potential crop evapo- transpiration (in mm, indicative) Evapo- transpiration (l/l fuel) Irrigated or rainfed production Rainfed conditions Water resource implications under irrigated conditions (assuming an irrigation efficiency of 50%) Actual rainfed crop evapotrans- piration (in mm, indicative) Irrigation water used (in mm, indicative) Irrigation water used (in l/l fuel, indicative) Sugar- cane Ethanol (from sugar) 6 000 120 1 400 2 000 Irrigated/ rainfed 1 100 600 1 000 Sugar beet Ethanol (from sugar) 7 000 140 650 786 Irrigated/ rainfed 450 400 571 Cassava Ethanol (from starch) 4 000 80 1 000 2 250 Rainfed 900 – – Maize Ethanol (from starch) 3 500 70 550 1 360 Irrigated/ rainfed 400 300 857 Winter wheat Ethanol (from starch) 2 000 40 300 1 500 Rainfed 300 – – Palm oil Bio- diesel 6 000 193 1 500 2 360 Rainfed 1 300 – – Rapeseed/ mustard Bio- diesel 1 200 42 500 3 330 Rainfed 400 – – Soybean Bio- diesel 450 14 500 10 000 Rainfed 400 – – WWDR 2014 DATA AnD InDICAToRS AnnEx 201 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 INDICATOR INDICATOR Million litresPDF Image | Water and Energy
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