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4.1 Thermodynamic analysis 49 4.1.1 The relation between the molecular weight and the critical temperature and critical pressure The relation between the molecular weight of the fluid and the critical temperature, as well as the relation between the molecular weight and the critical pressure of the working fluid, are presented in Figure 4.1a and Figure 4.1b. There is a clear relation between the 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 AA,BCA LA CA,AH LS CS FC Molecular weight, [kg/kmol] 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Molecular weight, [kg/kmol] AA,BCA LA CA,AH LS CS FC (a) (b) Figure 4.1: Relation between the molecular weight and the critical temperature (a) and critical pressure (b) with different fluids. molecular weight and the critical temperature and critical pressure of the fluid, especially with the studied hydrocarbons and siloxanes. In general, when the molecular weight of the fluid increases, the critical temperature increases and the critical pressure decreases. In the hydrocarbon group, the fluids classified as linear alkanes, branched-chain alkanes, and acyclic alkenes represent lower critical temperatures and lower critical pressures with respect to the molecular weight of the fluid when compared to the studied cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. With siloxanes, only slight differences in the relation of the molecular weight to the critical temperature or critical pressure can be observed when comparing a cyclic siloxane and a linear siloxane having the molecular weights relatively close to each other. With the studied fluorocarbons, a clear correlation between the molec- ular weight and the critical temperature cannot be identified. This can be mainly explained by the variation in the molecular structures of the studied fluorocarbons. However, a rela- tion between the molecular weight and the critical pressure can also be observed with the studied fluorocarbons. 4.1.2 Cycle efficiency The results for the relation between the critical temperature of the fluid and the obtained ORC process electric efficiencies for a subcritical process adopting the evaporation pres- sure of pev/pcrit=0.9 are presented in Figure 4.2a, Figure 4.2b, and Figure 4.2c. Figure o Critical temperature, [ C] Critical pressure, [bar]PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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