WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES ( working-fluid-selection-and-design-small-scale-waste-heat-re )

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50 4 Study on dry ORC working fluids 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 AA,BCA LA CA,AH LS CS FC o Critical temperature, [ C] 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 o Critical temperature, [ C] (b) AA,BCA LA CA,AH LS CS FC (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 AA,BCA LA CA,AH LS CS FC o Critical temperature, [ C] (c) Figure 4.2: Relation between the critical temperature and the process electric efficiency with Tc=50 oC with a recuperator (a), Tc=50 oC without a recuperator (b), and Tc=100 oC with a recuperator (c). 4.2a represents the results for an ORC process with a recuperator and when the con- densing temperature of 50 oC is used. Figure 4.2b represents an ORC process without a recuperator and when the condensing temperature of 50 oC is used. Figure 4.2c repre- sents an ORC process with a recuperator and when the condensing temperature of 100 oC is used. In general, the results indicate that there is a relatively strong correlation between the obtained cycle efficiency and the critical temperature of the fluid. The fluids with a high critical temperature represent the highest cycle efficiencies in the range from about 20 % to 26 % in a case when the lower condensing temperature and recuperator are used while the fluids with lower critical temperature represents efficiencies in the range from about 5 % to 15 % for the same case. This can be mainly explained by the higher turbine inlet temperatures with fluids having a high critical temperature when compared to the Cycle efficiency, [%] Cycle efficiency, [%] Cycle efficiency, [%]

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