WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES ( working-fluid-selection-and-design-small-scale-waste-heat-re )

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4.3 Conclusions and discussion 65 800 600 400 200 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 R245fa toluene MDM 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 R245fa toluene MDM Turbine inlet pressure/critical pressure, [−] Turbine inlet pressure/critical pressure, [−] (a) (b) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 4 x 10 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 R245fa toluen MDM e R245fa toluene MDM Turbine inlet pressure/critical pressure, [−] Turbine inlet pressure/critical pressure, [−] (c) (d) Figure 4.14: Effect of the turbine inlet pressure on the turbine diameter (a), blade height at the rotor inlet (b), blade height ratio t2/t1 (c), and turbine rotational speed (d). The turbine power is 100 kW in the calculated cases. rably similar critical temperature. 4) Cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons represent higher efficiencies when compared to a linear hydrocarbon having a relatively similar crit- ical temperature. -Siloxanes: 1) High cycle efficiencies can be achieved when a fluid with a high critical temperature and recuperated cycle is used. 2) High expansion ratios and low condensing pressures are obtained in applications having a relatively low condensing temperature. 3) The enthalpy drop over the turbine is lower when compared to hydrocarbons. 4) Rel- atively small differences in the cycle performance and process design parameters were observed when comparing a cyclic and a linear siloxane with a comparably similar criti- Rotor blade height ratio t /t , [−] Turbine diameter, [mm] 21 Turbine rotational speed, [rpm] Blade height at the rotor inlet, [mm]

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