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5.1 Results 69 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 0 20 40 60 80 100 Relative heat rate, % Exhaust gas Siloxane Figure 5.1: Temperature diagram of the evaporator. The working fluid is siloxane D4. results, especially for those fluids having the highest turbine outlet temperatures. 5.1 Results 5.1.1 Design point results The values of the net electric power outputs, Pe,net, and net electric efficiencies, ηe,net, resulting from the cycle calculations are presented in Figure 5.2 and Figure 5.3. The re- sults are presented for calculations with pressure losses(PL) and without pressure losses. Based on the results, the electric power output calculated with siloxanes as working fluid, and by considering also the pressure losses, varies from 9.5 kW - 10.9 kW for Case1 (power-only application) and from 6.5 kW - 7.7 kW for Case2 (CHP application). In Case1, the lowest power output and efficiency are achieved with siloxane MM and the highest power output and efficiency with siloxane D4. In Case2, the highest cycle per- formance is also achieved with siloxane D4 while D6 gives the lowest cycle performance. Relatively high cycle performance is achieved also with siloxanes D5 and MD2M. In both Case1 and Case2, the toluene process provides a higher power output (Case1 13.1 kW, Case2 10.5 kW) and efficiency (Case1 23.6 %, Case2 19.0 %) than the siloxane processes. The results of Case1 and Case2 indicate that the condensation temperature has a signifi- cant impact on the cycle performance. Also the pressure losses between the turbine outlet and the condenser should be taken into account because the pressure losses raise the tur- bine outlet pressure and thus decrease the performance of the cycle. In turn, the pressure losses reduce the volume and pressure ratio over the turbine, which might have a positive impact on the turbine design. In these calculations, the turbine outlet velocity wt,out was assumed to be 60 m/s in each case. A more accurate pressure loss evaluation can be per- formed after the turbine outlet velocity and component geometries are known. Temperature, °CPDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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