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5.1 Results 71 Table 5.3: Working fluid mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, specific enthalpy drop over the expansion, and recuperator effectiveness, for the studied working fluids. MM MDM MD2 M MD3 M MD4 M D4 D5 D6 toluene Case1 qm,wf [kg/s] 0.148 0.149 0.152 0.147 0.154 0.161 0.165 0.158 0.087 qv,out [m3 /s] 0.16 0.84 4.07 18.84 88.95 2.10 7.20 30.57 0.25 ∆ht ε [kJ/kg] [-] 81.1 0.68 83.6 0.68 84.5 0.68 80.6 0.64 77.6 0.62 82.0 0.68 75.3 0.65 72.6 0.62 183.2 0.68 Case2 qm,wf qv,out [kg/s] [m3 /s] 0.174 0.04 0.169 0.16 0.152 0.47 0.147 1.38 0.154 3.84 0.167 0.28 0.165 0.71 0.158 1.89 0.099 0.07 ∆ht ε [kJ/kg] [-] 53.5 0.68 57.3 0.66 59.3 0.54 55.6 0.51 52.3 0.49 57.3 0.57 52.5 0.51 49.4 0.49 135.2 0.68 Table 5.4: Working fluid state at the turbine inlet, and condensation pressures for Case1 and Case2. MM MDM MD2 M MD3 M MD4 M D4 pt,in Tt,in [bar] [◦ C] 18.50 263 12.00 300 8.75 325 4.40 325 2.55 325 325 pt,in /pcr [-] 0.95 0.85 0.71 0.46 0.29 0.89 0.53 0.34 Case1 pc [bar] 0.175 0.022 0.003 0.0005 pt,in /pc [-] 106 548 2674 8395 Case2 pc [bar] 0.743 0.137 0.029 0.007 0.002 0.056 0.016 0.004 0.543 pt,in /pc [-] 25 88 299 641 1425 210 396 820 64 D5 D6 toluene 34.7 0.84 0.123 282.4 11.85 325 6.20 325 3.30 325 0.0001 26410 0.007 1695 0.002 4050 0.0003 11698 For siloxanes, the enthalpy drop over the turbine is comparably small, and varies from 73 kJ/kg to 85 kJ/kg for Case1 and from 49 kJ/kg to 59 kJ/kg for Case2. The enthalpy drop over the expansion affects the turbine design, leading to lower rotational speeds. A single-stage turbine can be considered, if the enthalpy drop over the turbine is small. For siloxanes, the mass flow rates vary from 0.14 kg/s to 0.17 kg/s. The enthalpy drop over the turbine is significantly higher with toluene (183 kJ/kg for Case1 and 135 kJ/kg for Case2) and the mass flow rate is lower than in the siloxane processes. MM, MDM, D4 and toluene feature pressures relatively close to the critical pressure at the turbine inlet,PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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