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74 5 Siloxanes as working fluids in mini ORC systems resulting in the slope change, visible for the lines associated with siloxanes D4 and MDM. The effects of the condensing temperature on the volume ratio over the turbine expansion vt,out/vt,in, process pressure ratio pt/pc, and the condensing pressure are presented in Fig- ure 5.5, a, b, and c. 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 40 50 60 70 80 90 T , °C c MM D4 toluene MDM MM D4 toluene MDM 2000 1500 1000 500 (a) 40 50 60 70 80 90 T , °C c (b) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 MM D4 toluene MDM 50 60 70 80 90 T , °C c (c) Figure 5.5: The effect of the condensing temperature, Tc on the turbine volume ratio vt,out/vt,in (a), on the pressure ratio pt/pc (b), and on the condensing pressure, pc (c). As can be noticed from Figure 5.5a, Figure 5.5b and Figure 5.5c, the condensing temper- ature has a significant impact on the process volume ratio, pressure ratio, and condensing pressure. MM and toluene processes lead to relatively low volume and pressure ratios compared to D4 and MDM at both high and low condensing temperatures. High volume ratio over the turbine might have a negative impact on the turbine design due to large change in the flow area needed between turbine inlet and outlet. p , mbar c v /v t,out t,in p /p t,in cPDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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