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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES ( working-fluid-selection-and-design-small-scale-waste-heat-re )

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80 6 Radial turbine design for a micro-ORC test setup methods and the methods used in the CFD simulations are presented in more detail in Section 3.2 and Section 3.3. Table 6.1: Design data used as an input in the turbine design. Working fluid Working fluid mass flow rate Estimated turbine power Turbine inlet Turbine outlet MDM 0.2 kg/s 13.0 kW p [bar] 7.9 0.07 T [oC] 265.3 218.7 Table 6.2: Main specifications of the designed turbine. Evaluated turbine efficiency Degree of reaction Specific speed Specific diameter Rotational speed Rotor diameter Stator blade height Blade height at the rotor outlet Mach number at the rotor inlet Relative Mach number at the rotor inlet Flow angle at the rotor inlet Mach number at the rotor outlet 76 % 0.39 0.49 3.45 31455 rpm 144 mm 2 mm 28.5 mm 2.18 0.81 69.4 deg 0.78 First, a working fluid expansion in a converging-diverging nozzle was studied in de- sign and off-design conditions in order to study the design and fluid expansion in the converging-diverging part of the stator flow channel. In addition, these simulations were performed to test the implemented real gas model with supersonic flow and with a rela- tively simple geometry. Second, flow analyses of supersonic ORC stators are presented, and the results obtained by using different stator geometries are compared. The simula- tion results are presented for five different stator geometries having small variations in the nozzle setting angle as well as in the nozzle diverging part geometry and in the dis- tance between the stator trailing edge and rotor blade leading edge. The flow field in one stator geometry was also simulated and studied in off-design conditions. The selected off-design conditions correspond to the cases where a lower heat rate is introduced to the ORC process. In off-design conditions adopting lower turbine inlet pressures, the working fluid mass flow rate is lower than in the design condition because of chocked flow con- ditions at the stator throat restrict the mass flow rate. Third, CFD-simulation results for

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES

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