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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES ( working-fluid-selection-and-design-small-scale-waste-heat-re )

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88 6 Radial turbine design for a micro-ORC test setup (a) (b) Figure 6.10: Velocity magnitude at 80 % (a) and 60 % (b) off-design condition with k − ω SST- turbulence model. Case 80 % off-design 60 % off-design pin, [bar] 6.1 4.5 pin/pout, [-] 16.5 12.4 qm/qm,des, [-] 0.79 0.61 cout, [m/s] 298.5 274.8 Ma, [-] 2.28 2.12 Table 6.5: Stator off-design condition results. results obtained in the nozzle simulations or in stator design condition simulations. This can be mainly explained by the occurrence of shock waves and by the presence of the vis- cous wake from the blade trailing edge as well as by the stator outlet pressure restricted by the turbine rotor. As it can be noticed from the velocity magnitude contours presented in Figure 6.10a and Figure 6.10b the viscous wake turns into more tangential direction in the off-design conditions. The results also indicate that the location of the shock wave hitting the long wall of the nozzle moves upstream in off-design conditions. This can be seen as a pressure rise on a nozzle long wall presented in Figure 6.11 presenting the pres- sure distribution on the nozzle long wall. In 60 % off-design condition, a flow separation is predicted to occur on the nozzle long wall and can be seen in the velocity magnitude distribution presented in Figure 6.10b. In Figure 6.10a and Figure 6.10b, a weak shock wave reflection from the outlet boundary can be seen, which has an effect on the predicted flow field near the stator outlet boundary. The flow angle distribution at the stator outlet in design and off-design conditions is pre- sented in Figure 6.12. Based on the results for flow angle distribution at the stator outlet, the stator exit flow angle is higher in off-design conditions and the fluctuation caused mainly by the two oblique shock waves in the flow angle increases in off-design condi- tions. This is important due to the large incidence and the large fluctuation of a flow angle

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WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES

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