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6.2 Conclusions and discussion 95 and viscous wake cause a non-uniform flow field and fluctuations on the flow angle at the stator exit. The flow expansion in one of the designed stator geometries was studied in off-design conditions corresponding to the cases when lower heat rate is introduced to the ORC process. The results show that the flow is more tangential in the off-design conditions and the fluctuation in the flow angle increases due to non-uniform flow field. This might cause flow separation and low loading at the turbine rotor blades in off-design conditions and is an important feature when designing supersonic ORC turbines for ap- plications having a non-constant heat rate to the process. Three different turbine rotor geometries were studied by means of CFD simulations. In general the results agreed relatively well with the results obtained in the 1D turbine de- sign. The CFD simulations predicted slightly higher pressure ratio over the turbine and slightly higher efficinecy for all the studied geometries when compared to the rotor 1D design. In addition to the higher pressure ratios, the temperature drop in the turbine rotor is predicted to be higher by the CFD simulations when compared to estimation of 1D turbine design. A flow separation region at the rotor blade suction side was predicted with all the studied geometries. In addition, the angle of relative velocity at the rotor inlet and the flow velocity at the rotor inlet were slightly different when compared to the 1D design and the results obtained in stator simulations, causing flow separation at the blade pressure side at the rotor blade leading edge. It is recommended to perform additional simulations in the future in which the stator and rotor are coupled together to study the rotor inlet conditions in more details. The turbine stator could be improved in the future by bending and turning the stator blades to reach more uniform flow angle and velocity distribution at the stator outlet in design and off-design conditions. In addition, the effect of the number of rotor blades and the effect of relative flow angle on the flow separation on the suction side of the rotor blade should be studied in the future. The flow field in the turbine rotor should be studied in off-design conditions as well. Unsteady simulations for similar turbines should be carried out in the future to study the loss mechanisms related to the interaction between the turbine stator and rotor blades. The performance of the designed turbine will be measured with experiments that will take place in 2014-2015 and the used design method will be validated based on the experimental results.PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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