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7.1 Results of thermodynamic analysis 103 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 0 20 40 60 80 100 Relative heat rate,[%] charge air toluene cyclohexane R245fa n−pentane Figure 7.6: An example of temperature profiles in the evaporator in 200 ◦C charge air utilization. reciprocating engine performance, and this should be taken into account when designing the ORC evaporator for charge air utilization. 7.1.3 The effect of the condensing temperature and the minimum pinch-point tem- perature difference on the ORC performance The previously presented results were obtained by using the condensing temperature of 50 ◦C, and the minimum pinch-point temperature difference was set to 15 ◦C. The effect of minimum pinch-point temperature difference and condensing temperature on process performance in exhaust gas utilization and charge air utilization is presented in Figure 7.8a, Figure 7.8b, Figure 7.9a, and Figure 7.9b. The selected working fluids are toluene for EG heat recovery and n-pentane for CA heat recovery. The results show that the minimum pinch-point temperature difference and condensing temperature have a significant effect on the process performance. If a low condensing temperature and small temperature differences are used, a greater electric power output is achieved, compared to the higher condensing temperatures and larger temperature dif- ferences in the ORC evaporator. Based on the results, the relative effect of condensing temperature and minimum pinch-point temperature difference on system power output is more significant in the CA heat utilization than in the EG heat utilization, due to the smaller temperature difference between the condenser and the evaporator. Thus, espe- cially the potential to produce electric power from charge air heat is highly related to these above mentioned cycle operating parameters. 7.1.4 Case study A case study of available additional electric power output was performed for engine com- bined cycles utilizing EG and CA heat. The used computational method is as presented in the previous sections. The minimum pinch-point temperature difference in the ORC evaporator was limited to 15 ◦C and the condensing temperature of 50 ◦C was used. The o Temperature, [ C]PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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