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7.2 Experimental results for charge air utilization 109 charge air and working fluid temperature profiles at the evaporator are presented in Figure 7.13a and Figure 7.13b. The results of the heat rate introduced in the evaporator with 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Relative heat rate, % (a) (b) Figure 7.13: Measured working fluid and charge air temperature profiles in the evaporator. a) presents the measured temperature profile with R245fa with the evaporator outlet pressure of 15.3 bar and b) presents the measured temperature profile with isopentane with the evaporator outlet pressure of 10.39 bar different evaporation pressures are presented in Figure 7.14a, the measured charge air temperatures at the evaporator outlet in Figure 7.14b, and measured working fluid mass flow rates in Figure 7.14c. The results indicate that a larger heat rate was introduced to the working fluid when low evaporation pressures were used. This can be mainly explained by the fact that with higher evaporation pressures, the charge air exits the evaporator at higher temperature to maintain a sufficient temperature difference between the working fluid and the charge air, when compared to the charge air temperatures at the evaporator outlet when lower evaporation pressures are adopted. In additon, the working fluid mass flow rates are lower when high evaporation pressures are adopted. 7.2.4 Experimental results at engine part load The test runs for engine part load operation were carried out by using R245fa as working fluid. The engine part load measurements were carried out at 50 %, 75 %, and 90 % engine loads. The measured charge air inlet and outlet temperature at engine part load are presented in Figure 7.15a, the results for measured heat rate into the evaporator at engine part load operation are presented in Figure 7.15b, and the pinch-point temperature difference in the evaporator is presented in Figure 7.15c. Based on the results presented in Figure 7.15a, Figure 7.15b, and Figure 7.15c the charge air temperatures and the heat rate into the evaporator are significantly lower at engine part 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Relative heat rate, % charge air R245fa charge air isopentane o Temperature, [ C] o Temperature, [ C]PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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