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112 7 Waste heat recovery of large scale reciprocating engine R245fa 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 Engine load, [%] 20 15 10 5 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 Engine load, [%] R245fa (a) (b) Figure 7.16: Measured working fluid mass flow rate (a), and evaporator outlet pressure (b), at engine part loads and at full engine load. process equipped with a turbine would be used, the charge air temperature at the evapora- tor outlet would be slightly lower than the measured charge air outlet temperature, since the temperature difference between the charge air and working fluid at the evaporator cold end would be higher. The measured charge air temperature at the evaporator outlet and estimated charge air temperatures at the evaporator outlet, if a turbine were adopted to the system instead of the pressure reduction system, are presented in Figure 7.17. The performance of the process heat exchangers in a case if the turbine were adopted to the system were evaluated based on the measured values and by using conductances evalu- ated from the measurement results. The influence of mass flow rates affecting the heat transfer coefficients was taken into account in the evaluation of conductances. The power output of the system was calculated by using the condensing temperature of about 30 ◦C, which was measured in test runs, and by using higher condensing tempera- ture of 40 ◦C which was used in the design of the experimental setup components. The calculated results for electric power output from the ORC are presented in Figure 7.18a and the electric power output divided by the charge air mass flow rate in Figure 7.18b. The increase of the engine power is presented in Figure 7.18c and the results of the estimated ORC net electric effciency are presented in Figure 7.18d. Based on the results presented in Figure 7.18a with isopentane, the maximum electric power output of 31.5 kW would be achieved if the measured condensing temperature of about 30 ◦C is used, as in the test runs, and the electric power output of 27.0 kW would be achieved with a condensing temperature of 40 ◦C, which was used as a condensing temperature in the experimental setup design. With R245fa, the maximum electric power output of 30.4 kW would be achieved if a condensing temperature of about 30 ◦C is used, and the electric power output of 26.7 kW would be achieved with a condensing temper- Working fluid mass flow rate, [kg/s] Pressure at the evaporator outlet, [bar]PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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