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7.2 Experimental results for charge air utilization 113 150 100 50 0 10 15 20 25 30 Evaporator outlet pressure, [bar] isopentane est. isopentane mes. R245fa est. R245fa mes. Figure 7.17: Measured charge air temperature at the evaporator outlet and estimated charge air temperature at the evaporator outlet if a turbine were adopted in the cycle instead of the pressure reduction system. ature of 40 ◦C. The results of the power output divided by the charge air mass flow rate presented in Figure 7.18b are well comparable to the results obtained in the thermody- namic analysis presented in Figure 7.5a and Figure 7.5b representing comparably similar charge air temperatures but slightly higher condensing temperature and neglecting pres- sure losses. The highest power output of Pe,net/qm,CA = 10.1 kW/kg/s and Pe,net/qm,CA = 8.7 kW/kg/s were achieved with both fluids with the condensing temperatures of 30 ◦C and 40 ◦C, respectively. The maximum power outputs from the ORC correspond to 2 % and 1.7 % power increase in the whole engine system, and in general, only small differences in the power output can be observed when comparing results obtained with both fluids. The power increase is slightly lower when compared to the simulated result presented in the case study for 16.6 MW gas-fired engine in Section 7.1.4, since the charge air temperature of the test engine was approximately 25 ◦C lower than the one used in the case study due to the lower turbocharger pressure ratio of 3.43 when compared to modern engines. In addition, the pressure losses were excluded from the case study, and lower charge air temperatures at the evaporator outlet were used in the case study when compared to the measured charge air temperatures at the evaporator outlet. As can be observed from Figures 7.18a - 7.18d, the points having the lowest evaporator outlet pressures represents the highest turbine power and the obtained power decreases if the highest evaporation pressures are adopted in the system. On the contrary, the highest cycle net electric efficiencies are obtained with the highest evaporation pressures. The estimated ORC net electric efficiencies vary between 9.6 %-12.8 % with R245fa, depending on the condensing temperature as well as on the evaporator outlet pressure. Slightly higher efficiencies in the range of 11.1 %-15.2 % are obtained with isopentane. The decrease on the obtainable power output as well as the increase in the net electric efficiency as the evaporator outlet pressure increses, is more significant with isopentane, when compared to the results obtained with R245fa. o CA temperature at evaporator outlet, CPDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SMALL-SCALE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS BASED ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES
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