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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog The industrial sector currently produces both steam or hot water and electricity from biomass in CHP facilities in the paper, chemical, wood products, and food-processing industries. These industries are major users of biomass fuels; utilizing the heat and steam in their processes can improve energy efficiency by more than 35 percent. The biggest industrial user of bioenergy is the forest products industry, which consumes 85 percent of all wood waste used for energy in the United States. Manufacturing plants that utilize forest products can typically generate more than half of their own energy from woody waste products and other renewable sources of fuel (e.g., wood chips, black liquor). Most of the electricity, heat, and steam produced by industrial facilities are consumed on site; however, some manufacturers that produce more electricity than they need on site sell excess power to the grid. Wider use of biomass resources will directly benefit many companies that generate more residues (e.g., wood or processing wastes) than they can use internally. New markets for these excess materials may support business expansion as the residues are purchased for energy generation purposes or new profit centers of renewable energy production may diversify and support the core business of these companies. 1.2 Biomass Feedstocks The success of any biomass-fueled CHP project is heavily dependent on the availability of a suitable biomass feedstock. Biomass feedstocks are widely available in both rural and urban settings and can include: Rural Resources: Forest residues and wood wastes Crop residues Energy crops Manure biogas Urban Resources: • Urban wood waste • Wastewater treatment biogas • Municipal solid waste (MSW) and landfill gas (LFG) • Food processing residue Feedstocks vary widely in their sources and fuel characteristics and therefore vary in typical considerations for their utilization. Various biomass resources can require different approaches to collection, storage, and transportation, as well as different considerations regarding the conversion process and power generation technology that they would most effectively fuel. Of the 9,709 megawatts (MW) of biomass electric capacity in the United States in 2004, about 5,891 MW were from wood and wood wastes; 3,319 MW of generating capacity was from MSW and LFG; and 499 MW of capacity was attributable to other biomass, such as agricultural residues, sludge, anaerobic digester gas, and other sources.2 2 Energy Information Administration, 2006. 1. Introduction and Overview 2PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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