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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog Figure 3-4. Available Corn Stover Residues at Less Than $50/Dry Ton Corn stover22 and wheat straw are the primary agricultural residues used in energy production. Figures 3-4 and 3 5 show the location and MW potential for corn stover and wheat straw that can be delivered at less than $50/dry ton. Although more states produce wheat than corn, the country’s total MW-generation potential is significantly less from wheat straw than from corn stover because wheat straw has a lower energy content than corn stover and fewer tons of wheat straw can be collected per acre than corn stover. Corn stover has an energy content of 5,290 Btu/lb (wet) and 7,560 Btu/lb Based on data from Antares Group, Inc., 2003. (dry). Wheat straw has an energy content of 5,470 Btu/lb (wet) and 6,840 Btu/lb (dry). The estimated prices of corn stover and wheat straw include the cost of collecting the residues, the premium paid to farmers for participation in a collection program, and transportation costs. The cost of corn stover ranges from $20 to $40 per ton and the cost of wheat straw is approximately $50 per ton. Consequently, corn stover typically costs between $1.89 to $3.78/MMBtu, and wheat straw costs approximately $4.57/MMBtu.23,24 Figure 3-5. Available Wheat Straw Residues at Less Than $50/Dry Ton 0 MW 1-100 MW 100-1000 MW >1000 MW Based on data from Antares Group, Inc., 2003. are established markets. 3.1.3 Energy Crops The primary drivers for converting agricultural residues into electricity are avoided fossil fuel purchases and the environmental improvements due to avoided decomposition and open burning practices. The disadvantages to using these residues are crop seasonality, which creates an unsteady and unreliable fuel supply, and competing uses for the residue. For example, corn stover is normally used for animal feed or compost, and wheat straw is used for feed or animal bedding—all of which <10 MW 10-100 MW 100-200 MW >200 MW Energy crops are perennial grasses and trees grown through traditional agricultural practices that are produced primarily to be used as feedstocks for energy generation. The Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has identified hybrid poplars, hybrid willows, and switchgrass as having the greatest potential for dedicated energy use over a wide geographic range. Currently, energy crops are not being grown commercially in the United States, but this situation could change if they could be sold at prices that ensure producers a profit that is comparable to using the 22 Corn stover is the stalks, leaves, and cobs that are left in the field after harvesting. 23 Hag, 2002. 24 Curtis, et al, 2003. 3. Biomass Resources 14PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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