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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog to biologically stabilize high-strength wastes at a low cost. In many cases, the biogas has not been used as an energy resource but has been burned in a flare and discharged to the atmosphere. Biogas is also generated from other anaerobic wastewater treatment processes, including anaerobic lagoons and facultative lagoons. Wastewater treatment biogas consists of approximately 55 to 65 percent methane, 30 percent CO2, and other inert gases such as nitrogen. This composition results in a heating value of approximately 550 to 650 Btu/scf.39 Today, most wastewater treatment plants that employ anaerobic digestion collect and use their biogas on site. If used on site, the biogas created during the anaerobic digestion process is typically collected and used, often without pretreatment, in boilers that generate steam for space and digester heating and in reciprocating engines that drive air compressors and/or electric generators. Any excess biogas that cannot be used on site is generally flared. According to the 2004 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey,40 there are more than 16,000 municipal wastewater treatment facilities operating in the United States. An analysis completed by the CHP Partnership found that if all 544 wastewater treatment facilities with influent flow rates greater than 5 million gallons per day that operate anaerobic digesters were to install CHP, approximately 340 MW of electricity could be generated.41 Figure 3-9 shows the number of wastewater treatment facilities in each state greater than 5 million gallons per day, and the potential electric capacity estimated by the EPA CHP Partnership. Figure 3-9. Wastewater Treatment Facilities Greater Than 5 Million Gallons Per Day and Electric Generating Potential Source: EPA, 2007a Like manure biogas and LFG, wastewater treatment biogas is an opportunity fuel, meaning there is no cost associated with generating the gas if the anaerobic digester used to produce the gas is already in place. Despite being an opportunity fuel, there are costs associated with collection, gas treatment, and 39 Metcalf and Eddy, 2003. 40 EPA, 2004a 41 EPA, 2007a 3. Biomass Resources 19PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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