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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog • Entropic cycle, as defined by its developer, similar to Organic Rankine cycle but with a higher temperature differential producing higher efficiencies • Stirling Engine, external combustion Modular power and heat cycles that can be driven by biomass combustion are shown in Figure 5-9. Figure 5-9. Heat Engine Power Cycles for Modular Biomass Combustion Systems65 Source: Smith, 2006. In addition to the four power cycles shown, very small (500 watts to 10 kW) modular systems are being developed using Stirling engine technology. The generators will convert various biomass fuels (wood, wood pellets, sawdust, chips, or biomass waste) to electricity and useful heat.66 These systems typically convert 10 to 20 percent of the fuel energy to electricity; 60 to 70 percent of fuel energy is then available for heating water and spaces. The burner for the prototype system includes a ceramic fire box and a fuel hopper with a fuel capacity of 24 hours. It accomplishes complete two-stage combustion with comparatively low emissions. The Stirling engine-alternator requires minimal maintenance because its gas bearings eliminate contact, friction, and wear. Its projected life is 40,000 hours. Modular Hybrid Gasification/Combustion Systems The modular hybrid gasification/combustion system operates functionally like a direct combustion system. Power is derived by a back-pressure steam turbine that also provides steam for onsite thermal energy requirements. The difference is that the combustion chamber is actually a gasification system that uses a two-chamber gasifier approach. The system is similar to a two-stage combustion boiler 65 Smith, 2006. 66 A system under development by Sunpower Stirling engine technology licensee is External Power LLC of Indianapolis. 5. Biomass Conversion Technologies 58PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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