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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog design. This approach allows the production of gas in a relatively cool chamber at temperatures from 1,000°F to 1,400°F, and then combustion in a relatively hot chamber—the boiler—at temperatures up to 2,300°F. These temperatures allow the complete removal of carbon from the fuel in the gasifier, and more complete oxidation of complex organics in the oxidation zone. The combination of these features results in a clean-burning, fuel-efficient system. CHP units include small back-pressure steam turbines from 100 kW up to several megawatts. This approach combines the simplicity and low cost of a combustion system with the gasification advantages of more complete carbon conversion and cleaner combustion characteristics. An example of a modular gasification/combustion system is shown in Figure 5-10. This system has the capability to use fuels with moisture contents ranging from 6 to 55 percent (wet basis). The system also has a 20:1 turn down ratio to allow it to idle during periods of low heat demand. Figure 5-10. Example of Modular Gasification/Combustion Process Source: Chiptec® Wood Energy Systems, n.d. 67 Efficiency Modular system electric generation efficiencies are typically fairly low as shown in Table 5-17. In applications requiring considerable thermal energy, the overall CHP efficiencies are comparable to gas- fired systems. However, the electric to thermal ratio for these systems is much lower, so more of the total useful energy is delivered in the form of heat rather than in the form of higher value electricity. 67 Example shown is a patented process by Chiptec® Wood Energy Systems, Burlington, Vermont. 5. Biomass Conversion Technologies 59PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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