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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog Table 5-17. Efficiencies of Modular Biomass Systems, Based on Conversion of Switchgrass at 20 Percent Moisture System Type Electric Efficiency Thermal Energy Delivered Overall CHP Efficiency Small steam Air Brayton Organic Rankine Entropic Stirling Modular gasifier Hybrid gasifier/combustor 6% 59% 65% 8% 41% 49% 11% 56% 67% 13% 63% 76% 13% 64% 77% 16–22% 29–53% <15% 45–55% 55–75% 60–70% Operating Advantages and Disadvantages The main operating advantages today are in the use of opportunity biomass fuels of low value such as wood chips or forest thinnings. In addition, many of the systems are targeted at remote applications where it would be too costly to connect to grid electricity. The main disadvantage affecting all types of modular systems is the comparatively high capital costs associated with all of the required equipment. This equipment also takes up considerable space compared to conventional gas-fired CHP systems. The engine generator systems occupy only about 5 percent of the total space required for the modular biomass system. Another disadvantage is the need for maintenance and repairs associated with the many subsystems, particularly the solids handling components and filters. Equipment and Installed Cost Equipment costs are speculative. Information in this section is as provided by the vendors and secondary sources. Figure 5-11 shows a range of costs ($/kW) for different types of direct-fired systems. It is not clear that these costs include the costs of feedstock storage and delivery, which would add another $600 to 1,000/kW to the overall costs. 5. Biomass Conversion Technologies 60PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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