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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog Table 6-2. Steam Turbine CHP Typical Performance Parameters Steam Turbine Parameters System 1 System 2 System 3 Nominal electricity generating capacity (kW) Turbine type Equipment cost ($/kW)* O&M costs ($/kWh)* Turbine isentropic efficiency (%) Generator/gearbox efficiency (%) Steam flow (lbs/hr) Inlet pressure (psig) 500 Inlettemperature(°F) 550 Outlet pressure (psig) 50 Outlet temperature (°F) 298 CHP System Parameters Boiler efficiency, HHV (%) 80 Fuel input (MMBtu/hr) 26.7 Steam to process (MMBtu/hr) 19.6 Power/heat ratio 0.09 Total CHP Efficiency, HHV (%) 79.8 * Steam turbine gen-set only (boiler and fuel prep equipment not included). Source: NREL, 2003. Gas Turbine Technologies 500 3,000 Back-pressure Back-pressure 15,000 Back-pressure 600 275 225 0.004 0.004 50 70 80 94 94 97 0.004 21,500 126,000 600 700 450,000 575 650 150 150 366 366 80 80 549.0 386.6 0.10 0.13 79.5 79.7 147.4 107.0 6.2 Combustion turbines, or gas turbines, have been used for power generation for decades and are often the technology of choice for new electric generation in the United States and much of the world due to their low capital cost, low maintenance, and low emissions. Turbine technology was developed in the 1930s as a means of propulsion for jet aircraft. Use of turbines for power generation began in the 1940s and 1950s, but it was not until the early 1980s that improvements in turbine efficiency and reliability resulted in increased utilization for power production. The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that operates with rotational rather than reciprocating motion. Turbines can be fueled by natural gas or biogas and are used in a broad scope of applications, including electric power generation, gas pipeline compressors, and various industrial applications requiring shaft power. While many newer turbines are large utility units, manufacturers are producing smaller and more efficient units that are well-suited to distributed generation applications. Turbines range in size from 30 kW (microturbines) to 250 MW (large industrial units). Gas turbines can be used in a variety of configurations: • Simple-cycle operations—a single gas turbine producing power only. • CHP operations—a simple-cycle gas turbine with a heat recovery/heat exchanger that recovers the heat from the turbine exhaust and converts it to useful thermal energy, usually in the form of steam or hot water. • Combined-cycle operation—high-pressure steam is generated from recovered exhaust heat and used to create additional power using a steam turbine. Some combined-cycle turbines 6. Power Generation Technologies 66PDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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