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Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies

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Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies ( biomass-combined-heat-and-power-catalog-technologies )

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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog directly in the stack). Each fuel cell technology also has specific contamination limits that define the cleanup processes that are required. Table 6-6. Fuel Cell CHP Typical Performance Parameters Cost and Performance Characteristics System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 System 5 Fuel cell type Nominal electric capacity (kW) Commercial status Equipment cost ($/kW)* O&M costs ($/kW)* Electric heat rate (Btu/kWh) Electrical efficiency, HHV (%) Fuel input (MMBtu/hr) CHP Characteristics Heat output (MMBtu/kWh) Total CHP efficiency, HHV (%) Power/heat ratio PAFC MCFC 200 250 Commercial Commercial 5,100 5,100 0.03 0.043 9,480 7,930 MCFC 2,000 Demonstration 2,900 0.033 7,420 PEM SOFC 200 100 Demonstration Demonstration 9,750 7,580 36 43 46 35 45 1.90 2.00 14.80 2.00 0.80 3,709 1,750 1,777 3,592 1,906 75 65 70 72 70 0.92 1.95 1.92 0.95 1.79 Air Yes Some OK Some OK Up to 100% OK No < ~1 ppm Costs for natural gas fueled fuel cell only (gasification and fuel treatment not included). Source: NREL, 2003. Table 6-7. Contamination Limitations on Fuel and Oxidant Delivered to Fuel Cells Contaminant Fuel Cell Type PAFC PEMFC MCFC SCFC Oxidant Hydrogen CO CO2 Methane (CH4) Methanol (CH3OH) Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) Source: NREL, 2003. Air or oxygen- enriched air > ~90% < 3-5% Tolerates No No < ~1 ppm Air to oxygen > ~99% <10 ppm (toxic) < ~1% No No < 1 ppm Air Yes Some OK Some OK Some OK No < ~1 ppm H2S, carbonyl sulfide (COS), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), particulates, tars, oils, and phenols No (sulfur is toxic) No (sulfur and ammonia are toxic) No (sulfur is toxic) No (sulfur is toxic) 6. Power Generation Technologies 75

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