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EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership Biomass CHP Catalog Table 7-6 shows the annual operating and capital expenses and the net cost to generate power for each of the three biomass stoker boiler systems. As described earlier, the net cost to generate power is a function of the system cost and performance, the cost of biomass fuel, non-fuel O&M costs, the facility cost of capital, and the avoided cost of process steam. In the calculation, the cost to generate power is the sum of the biomass fuel cost, the non-fuel O&M cost, and a capital recovery cost, all on a per kWh generated basis. As detailed in Table 7-1, the biomass fuel cost was assumed to be $2.00/MMbtu. The non-fuel O&M costs are detailed in Table 7-5. In CHP configuration, the unit also provides steam or thermal energy to the site that would have otherwise been generated by separate means, and displaces fuel that would have been consumed in generating this steam or thermal energy requirement. The net cost to generate power calculation credits that fuel savings against the other generating costs. The net costs to generate power are estimated in Table 7-6 for both a CHP configuration using back-pressure turbines, and for the power-only configuration using condensing turbines. The 100 tons/day plant is only shown in a back-pressure turbine configuration. The annual expenses are shown only for the back-pressure steam turbine CHP configuration. The net costs to generate are calculated for the CHP configuration in two ways: displacing steam that would have been generated with the same biomass fuel and boiler efficiencies and displacing steam that would have been generated with a natural gas boiler at 80 percent efficiency and at a gas price of $6.00/MMBtu. The 600 and 900 tons/day plants have net power costs in the condensing turbine (maximum power production) configuration of $0.076/kWh and $0.069/kWh, respectively. Using a back-pressure turbine to maximize steam production, the value of avoided natural gas fuel for steam generation is greater than the capital and operating costs of the two larger systems, resulting in a negative net power cost. The high capital cost and non-fuel O&M cost of the 100 tons/day system results in a high net power cost, even with a $0.309/kWh credit for avoided natural gas boiler fuel. Annual operating costs assume that all of the power generated by the biomass CHP systems can be used on site and displace purchased electricity at an average cost of $0.07/kWh. These calculations provide an estimate of the annual cost of providing steam to the site and include a credit for displaced power purchases. 7.1.2 Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler CHP Configurations and Performance The circulating fluidized bed boiler CHP system configuration is similar to the stoker boiler configuration. Higher carbon conversion increases the boiler efficiency, allowing somewhat higher power and steam outputs. On the other hand, capital costs are higher. In the 100 tons/day plant, net power costs are much higher for the circulating fluidized bed case. For the two larger plants, net power costs are 4.5 percent higher even though the power outputs are 4 percent higher. The cost and performance for the integrated plant are summarized in the following tables. Table 7-7 shows the energy requirements and outputs for three sizes of circulating fluidized bed generation systems from 100 to 900 tons/day of biomass feed. Similar to the stoker boiler systems, the table provides biomass feedstock requirements, typical feedstock characteristics, the boiler biomass conversion efficiency, and boiler output steam conditions as developed in Chapter 5 for circulating fluidized bed systems, and power and process steam outputs for various power generation and steam production configurations. The power and steam configurations range from back-pressure steam turbines to various extraction turbine configurations and power-only condensing turbine configurations. 7. Representative Biomass CHP System Cost 84 and Performance ProfilesPDF Image | Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies
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