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The Calm in the Storm Baptist Memorial Hospital in Jackson, MS, has a 4.3-MW, natural gas-fired CHP system that enabled the hospital to remain open during Hurricane Katrina, which hit the area August 29, 2005. It was the only hospital in the metro Jackson area to be fully operational during the crisis. It treated a high volume of patients and provided food and housing for displaced patients. In normal circumstances, the CHP system meets almost 100 percent of the electricity needs and 60 percent of the chilled water needs at Baptist Memorial. It also provides an average utility cost avoidance of $738,000 annually. If properly integrated, CHP can improve grid stability, increase capacity, and prevent power outages. This is accomplished through: • Load reduction • Contingency planning for grid congestion • Voltage stability and reactive power support • Reducing expensive T&D upgrade investment • Deferring construction of generation and T&D equipment CHP and distributed energy are part of an evolution toward a more decentralized, efficient, resilient, and integrated power system enabled by improvements in alternative energy and smart grid technology. Improving the Efficiency of the Power System CHP and distributed energy allow the grid to function more efficiently. CHP systems are among the most efficient heat and power generating systems available, in many cases approaching 80 percent efficiency, thus reducing energy costs to the consumer and emissions to the environment. Because CHP is located close to the energy consumer, transmission losses and transmission overloads associated with remote power generation are reduced, distribution feeder and substation transformer loading (and associated losses) are lowered, and the customer is less likely to experience total interruption of service. CHP, as well as end-use efficiency and demand response, can benefit the electrical system by reducing both baseload and peak demand. Considerable energy losses, in some cases on the order of 15–20 percent, can occur during peak hours because of resistive losses on overloaded lines. Transmission bottlenecks also prevent the power system from operating and dispatching at maximum efficiency. Demand reduction can reduce congestion on the electric supply system, freeing transmission capacity and improving grid reliability by mitigating overloads and giving the transmission system reserve capacity to deal with contingencies. CHP also increases the economic efficiency of the power system. Today, large investments in transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure are made where they may only serve the top few hundred hours in the year when the power generation system is peaking. CHP helps the utility extend the ability of the existing T&D system to serve growing peak loads. 20 Combined Heat & Power: Effective Energy Solutions for a Sustainable FuturePDF Image | COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
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