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Mittal Steel Slashes GHGs Mittal Steel, located in East Chicago, IN, has a 95-MW CHP system that utilizes recovered waste heat. The system meets 25 percent of the site’s electrical requirements and 85 percent of its process steam needs, replacing onsite, coal-fired steam generation. Benefits • The CHP system serves as the pollution control device for the coke battery, substantially reducing SO2 and particulate emissions associated with coke production. • The system displaces 13,000 tons of NOx, 15,500 tons of SO2, and more than 800,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually. CHP Is a Significant and Growing Share of US Generation CHP comprises a significant percentage of US power generation. The use of CHP accelerated following passage of PURPA in 1978, which enabled many industrial and institutional sector users to generate thermal energy and power onsite, have access to the grid, and sell excess electricity to the local utility at an agreed upon price. CHP as a Percentage of U.S. Annual Electricity Generation 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Fuel-Use Trends Over Time Expansion of natural gas-fueled electricity generation is one reason behind recent increases in natural gas consumption. Natural gas has assumed an increasingly significant role in domestic electricity markets over the last 20 years. The major motivations for this expansion were the relatively low cost of new gas generation units, the clean-burning characteristics of natural gas, and the higher efficiencies of central station combined-cycle power generation units. Also, for most of the 1990s natural gas was bountiful and inexpensive. This period coincided with the emergence of deregulated wholesale markets. Natural gas continues to be the preferred fuel for CHP systems, representing 50–80 percent of annual CHP capacity additions since 1990. This is primarily because natural gas is readily available at most industrial sites, is clean burning, and has historically been relatively plentiful and affordable. Since 2001, natural gas prices have been consistently volatile and relatively high. However, recent increases in domestic natural gas exploration and production hold promise to moderate natural gas prices. While natural gas remains an important CHP fuel, installers and technology developers are increasingly looking to “opportunity fuels” for CHP systems. Opportunity fuels are nontraditional fuels that are frequently considered waste or by-products. When these fuels are used, fuel costs could be very low. 18 Combined Heat & Power: Effective Energy Solutions for a Sustainable Future CHP Percentage of U.S. Generation 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006PDF Image | COMBINED HEAT AND POWER 2008
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