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Introduction This report has been prepared in response to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Pub. L. No. 110-140), section 603(b), which states: “(b) Water Consumption- Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of a study on methods to reduce the amount of water consumed by concentrating solar power systems.” Water consumption is an issue with concentrating solar power plants because they are most cost effective in locations where the sun is most intense, which in turn often corresponds to places like the Mojave Desert where there is little water. As shown in Figure 2, the Southwestern United States has excellent solar resources and is coincident with high demand centers. Solar energy is the largest available renewable energy resource in the Southwest region; it is so widespread that Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) projects covering 1.4% of southwestern land could potentially generate as much power as used in the entire U.S.14 California, for example, has excellent solar resources in the southern part of the state. The issue of the availability of water in this rapidly growing area, however, has caused California to place restrictions on power plant water use. 15 Other Southwestern states may also eventually impose restrictions on the amount of water available for use by power plants. This report attempts to identify concerns regarding water consumption for CSP, presents information on the water requirements of electrical power generation, and discusses technologies that address water use in the context of CSP power generation. Peak power demand, particularly in California, Nevada and Arizona, is approaching system capacity and growing rapidly. It is expected that renewable energy sources will increasingly be tapped to meet market and regulatory demands. Many of the Southwestern states have established renewable portfolio standards (RPS) that encourage the development of technologies like CSP. RPS requirements now exist in 26 states and the District of Colombia, as shown in Figure 3. Page 6 of 24 FFigiugruere2,2S: oSloalrarInItnetnesnistyityininthteheSoSuotuhtwhwesetstPDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power Commercial Application
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