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storage can be integrated with these three systems, to enhance dispatchability, allowing the solar plant to produce electricity into the night to meet peak demand periods. Parabolic Troughs Parabolic trough systems concentrate solar radiation, specifically direct normal insolation (DNI), onto a receiver tube located along the focal line of a single-axis tracking parabolically curved, trough-like reflector. Heat transfer fluid flowing through the receiver tube absorbs the thermal energy. The heat is collected and used to generate steam which is produces electricity by a Rankine cycle turbine-generator. Trough systems can be hybridized (natural gas can be burned to produce steam when the sun isn’t shining) or can use thermal storage to dispatch power to meet utility peak load requirements (Figure 4). Figure 4: Parabolic trough system schematic The operating temperature of trough plants is limited by the thermal property of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) that is suitable for pumping through miles of piping in the solar field. In typical applications, oil flowing through the receiver tube is heated to about 390°C and used to boil water to produce steam. The resulting steam is used in a Rankine power cycle and expanded through a turbine connected to an electric generator. As with any steam cycle, the exhaust steam is cooled and condensed back to liquid water to be recirculated in the cycle. The condensers can be either water-cooled or air-cooled, or a hybrid combination. Parabolic trough systems are the most developed and commercially tested technology and have operated at a capacity of 350 MW in the Mojave Desert for over 15 years. A new 64 MW trough plant was recently built near Las Vegas (Figures 5 and 6). A number of large trough projects are being planned in the Southwestern U.S. Page 8 of 24PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power Commercial Application
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